Zoology Second year

Semester (1)
Zool 2104- Acoelomata and Coelomata

Presented by :
 Aye Khant Khant Win
 Myint Myat Noe Zaw
 Pann Myint Zu
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 Saw Theingi Htun

 Difference between Acoelomate, Pseudocoelomate and Coelomate Animals

• Acoelomates are organisms with no body cavity at all.

Planarians Flukes Tapeworm

• Pseudocoelomates are organisms with patches of

mesoderm on their body cavity.

Roundworm Pinworm

• Coelomates are organisms with a mesodermally

lined body cavity.
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Leech Earthworm
 Learning Objectives

• Aim to Know about the shape and difference

of acoelomate and pseudocoelomate

• To observe the external and internal structures

of the earthworm which enable it to carry-out
its life functions.
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 Practical-1
Dissection of Roundworm, Tapeworm and
Flatworm
from chicken’s intestine
Requirements

Chicken intestine Dissecting tray Dissecting set Dissection pin

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70% alcohol Glove Bottle

 Procedure

1. Put the chicken’s intestine 2. Cut the intestine by 3. Open up the intestine and
on the dissecting tray using dissecting scissor. Pin along the margin of it.
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6. After rapid cleaning, the

4. Pour a few drops of water to the 5. Take the parasitic worm worms may be killed in 70% of
intestine and find by using pincers from intestine. Alcohol solution.
 Difference between acoelomate and pseudocoelomate under the microscopic
Practical – 2
Requirements
 Microscope
 Mobile phone
 Reference Book
 Note and Pen
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 Procedure

 Took the specimen and placed it on a microscope slide

 Wrote down the character of sample observed under microscope and
classified.
 Then we looked the samples that we studied.
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 Pseudocoelomates are
Acoelomates are organisms
organisms with patches of
with no body cavity at all.
mesoderm on their body cavity.
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 Tapeworm
Phylum : Platyhelminthes
Class : Cestoda
Order : Cyclophyllidea
Family : Davaineidae

Diversity : 37 species

Characteristics of Tapeworm
 Endoparasitic in the intestine of
vertebrate.  Each segment contains two sets of complete
 Some consist of one long segment; hermaphroditic reproductive system.
others have a definite head, followed by  Body covering is a tough cuticle.
a series of identical segments called  There is neither a mouth nor a digestive tract.
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proglottids.  Also lack a circulatory system and an organ

 Head, or scolex, bears suckers and often specialized for gas exchange.
hooks, which are used for attachment to
the host.
 Roundworm
• Phylum : Nematoda
• Class : Chromadorea
• Order : Ascaridida
• Family : Ascarididae
• Genus : Ascaris sp.

Characteristics of Roundworm
 Body slender, cylindrical. And Body space a pseudocoel.

 Covered with cuticle.

 No segmentation or cilia.

 Digestive tract complete, straight.

 No probosics
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 No circular muscles.

 Sexes separate.

 Male with cloaca ( 1 or 2 copulatory spicules) and No

cloaca in female
 Practical-3 External Features Of Earthworm
Phylum : Annelida
Class : Clitellata
Order : Opisthopora
Family : Lumbricina

Requirements
• Earthworm specimens
• Dissecting tray
• Dissecting set
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• Dissection pin
 Procedure
• Lay the worm on dissecting tray
with its dorsal side facing up.

• Use dissection pins to secure

each end on the tray.

• Once done, carefully look at it and

label it.
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 External Features
Shape

• Elongated, long, narrow, cylindrical or vermiform shaped.

The anterior end is tapering while the posterior end is more
or less blunt.

Body surface

• Consists of dorsal and ventral surfaces.

Coloration

• Dark-brown in color due to the presence of porphyrin

pigment which is found in dorsal surface of the body.
• Dorsal surface is darker than ventral surface.
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Size

• A mature worm measures about 150 mm in length and 3-5

mm in width.
 Segmentation

• Metameric segmentation.
• Body consists of 100-120 segments.

Note: The segments are divided externally by grooves and internally by circular septa.

Body wall

• Very thin, soft, shiny, elastic and highly vascular.

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Symmetry Eyes
• Bilaterally symmetrical • No eyes instead of eyes phasomes act as photoreceptor.
 Prostomium and peristomium
• Lack distinct head.
• The first segment at the anterior end of the body is peristomium or buccal segment.
• It bears a fleshly lobe-like structure is called prostomium which hangs over the mouth
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ventrally.
• Prostomium is an aperture which is located in the tip of the first segment. It is called boring
part so it bores in soil.
 Clitellum
• In mature earthworm, 14th, 15th and
16th segments are enclosed by thick-collar or
girdle-like glandular tissue called clitellum.
• Cocoon formation takes place in clitellum.
• Absent in immature worm.
• Gland of clitellum secrete mucus, albumen.

Setae
• Locomotory organ.
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• Half embedded in the body wall and half

projected backwards upon the surface.
 Practical-4
Dissection Of Earthworm’s Digestive System
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 Requirements
• Earthworm specimens
• Dissecting tray
• Dissecting set
• Dissection pin

Procedure
• Put the earthworm on its dorsal side on the
dissecting tray.
• Fix it in the straight line with pin.
• Use dissecting scissors to cut through the body
wall to the clitellum.
• Continue the incision toward the prostomium.
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• Be careful not to cut too deep.

• Use forceps & spread the incision open.
• Pin the body wall to the dissection pin.
• Then, we can see distinct features.c
 Earthworm’s Digestive Tract
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 Earthworm’s digestive system

• Mouth(Peristomium) - To enter the food.

• Buccal cavity - To help in holding the food during feeding.
• Pharynx - To grab or coat the food with saliva and push it down the
esophagus.
• Esophagus - Have calciferous glands - release calcium carbonate – acid form
– decay food matter.
• Crop - To store food temporarily.
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• Gizzard - To grind the food completely (use stones-earthworm eats)

• Intestine - The food is broken down into usable chemicals-absorbed into
the blood stream.
• Anus - To excrete the wastes(worm casts).

*Is an extracellular process, a complete digestive tract.

 CONCLUSION
• Tapeworms are long flat worms composed of many individual segments
whereas round worms are much shorter and have rounded bodies.

• Earthworm dissection let us know the differences and similarities

between humans and worms and help us to understand natural
comportment of the internal organs of this kind of animal.
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 AREA OF IMPROVEMENT

- Want to do dissections of parasites from other animals such as fishes, pigs and
Mollusks.

- Want to study the economic important and medicinal uses of acoelomate and
coelomate worms.
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 University of Yangon,
Department of Zoology
Professors
Dr. Kay Lwin Tun
Dr. Sandar Win
Dr. Aye Aye Khine(1)
Dr. Khin Wai Hlaing
Dr. Khin Lay Nwe
Dr. Aye Aye Khine(2)
Dr. Yu par Kyaw

Department Of Zoology’s
Practical Teachers
Tr. Pont Pont
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Tr. Khin Nyein Aye

Tr.Yei Mon Thein
Tr. Nyein Nyein Thwe
Tr. Win Cho Cho Tun
Tr. Aye San Myint
 THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION.
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