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What Is Computer Architecture - Components, Types, and Examples

Computer architecture refers to the design and structure of a computer system. It encompasses the organization of hardware and software components like the CPU, memory, and I/O devices. There are different types of computer architectures like Von Neumann and Harvard that determine performance through approaches like separating or sharing memory and instruction buses. Examples of computer architectures include x86, ARM, and Power, each suited for different applications.

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457 views10 pages

What Is Computer Architecture - Components, Types, and Examples

Computer architecture refers to the design and structure of a computer system. It encompasses the organization of hardware and software components like the CPU, memory, and I/O devices. There are different types of computer architectures like Von Neumann and Harvard that determine performance through approaches like separating or sharing memory and instruction buses. Examples of computer architectures include x86, ARM, and Power, each suited for different applications.

Uploaded by

Anvesh bandalla
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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What Is Computer Architecture?

Components,
Types, And Examples

SlideMake.com
What Is Computer Architecture?

Computer architecture refers to the design and


structure of a computer system.

It encompasses the organization, functionality,


and implementation of hardware and software
components.

Computer architecture determines the


performance, efficiency, and capabilities of a
computer system.
Components of Computer Architecture

Central Processing Unit (CPU): Handles


instructions and performs calculations.

Memory: Stores data and instructions for quick


access.

Input/Output (I/O) devices: Allow


communication between the computer and
external devices.
Types of Computer Architecture

Von Neumann Architecture: Separates memory


and CPU, using a bus for communication.

Harvard Architecture: Uses separate buses for


instructions and data, allowing simultaneous
access.

RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer):


Emphasizes simplicity and efficiency by using a
limited set of instructions.
Examples of Computer Architectures

x86 Architecture: Widely used in personal


computers and servers, supporting both CISC
and RISC instructions.

ARM Architecture: Dominates the mobile


device market due to its power efficiency and
simplicity.

Power Architecture: Commonly found in high-


performance computing systems and game
consoles.
Memory Hierarchy in Computer Architecture

Registers: Fastest and smallest form of memory,


located within the CPU.

Cache: Stores frequently accessed data for


quick retrieval.

Main Memory (RAM): Holds data and


instructions currently in use.
Instruction Set Architecture (ISA)

Defines the set of instructions that a CPU can


understand and execute.

Determines the machine language and the


format of instructions.

Examples include x86, ARM, MIPS, and


PowerPC.
Performance Metrics in Computer Architecture

Clock Speed: The number of instructions a CPU


can execute per second.

Instruction Execution Time: The time taken to


execute a single instruction.

Throughput: The number of instructions a CPU


can execute in a given time.
Conclusion

Computer architecture is crucial in determining


the performance and capabilities of a computer
system.

Different types of computer architectures offer


varying advantages and trade-offs.

Examples such as x86, ARM, Power, and


SPARC demonstrate the diversity in computer
architecture.
References

Hennessy, J. L., & Patterson, D. A. (2017).


Computer Architecture: A Quantitative
Approach. Morgan Kaufmann.

Stallings, W. (2015). Computer Organization


and Architecture. Pearson.

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