PARTS OF SPEECH

VERBS

A verb is an action word or group of words. It is used to indicate the action done by the
subject or Doer or the hero of the sentence mentioned within the sentence itself.
Example: She is GOING to the park
I am EATING sandwich
She is RETURNING home after 6 months
TYPES OF VERBS

A sentence can contain a single verb or a combination of auxiliary verbs and main verb
1. Verb---------a) Main Verbs---------- a) Transitive and Intransitive
b) Regular and Irregular
c) Finite and Non finite
b) Auxiliary Verbs----- a) Modal Verbs
b) Helping Verbs
TYPES OF VERBS

1. Main Verb- A main Verb is the action done by or on the subject of the verb
Tips to find action words- Ask what is the subject doing?
Example- Tarun is playing football
Raj is eating bread
Note- 1. There are four forms of Main Verb
a) V1- Present
b) V2- Past
c) V3- Perfect
d) V4- Continuous
TYPES OF VERBS

Main Verb- There are three types of main verbs

a) Transitive & Intransitive Verb
b) Regular & Irregular Verb
c) Finite & Non- Finite Verb
1. Transitive Verb- This kind of main verb requires an object on which the action takes place.
( In simple- Here the action is the verb).
E.g.: He is painting the house ( This statement has a definite object on which the action-
painting; is being done)
Tips- This kind of verb makes sense if it exerts its action on an object. E.g.: Kick, Play, Throw, Give
TYPES OF VERBS

2. Intransitive Verb- This kind of main verb doesn’t have an object of the action
E.g.: She is painting ( Here, there is an action being done but there is no mention
of the object on which the action is being done. Therefore the verb painting is INTRANSITIVE in
nature
Tips- It does not allow a direct object or the verb stops with the subject itself
3. Regular Verb- These verbs are formed by adding the typical ending; -s, -ing and –ed to give forms
such as play, entering, kicked
4. Irregular Verbs- In this type of verbs the past tense is not formed by adding the usual –ed ending.
E.g.: Sing ( Sang, Sung) Feel ( Felt) Go ( Went, Gone)
TYPES OF VERBS

Examples of Regular Verb- Work, Worked, Worked and Working

Walk, Walked, Walked, Walking
Examples of Irregular verb- Go, Went, Gone and Going
Bite, Bit, Bitten and Biting
TYPES OF VERBS

Finite Verb- A finite verb is limited by the subject. That is it acts as main verb and be
changed according to the noun.
Note: It can be used in all tenses.
Examples: I went for a walk around the ground
She was waiting in the hall
We want John to come first
TYPES OF VERBS

Non- Finite verbs- A non- finite verb is most often not the main verb in the sentence. It does
not show the tense or number of the verb.
Generally non- finite verbs are multifunctional, i.e. they take the form of GERUND and
function as an infinitive by taking a “TO” along with the base form of the verb
Note- 1. They do not indicate any tense, mood or gender
2. It is never the main verb
Examples: I want to achieve success.
2. Would you like TO GO with me to the party?
HOW TO IDENTIFY A FINITE VERB

Rule 1: A finite verb is controlled by the number of subjects. If the subject is singular, the verb will
be singular. If the subject is plural, the verb is plural
Examples: The boy runs fast. ( Subject is singular)
The boys run fast. ( Subject is plural)
Rule 2: A finite verb is controlled by the person.
Example: I visit my parents at least once in a week ( I – first person singular)
He visits his parents at least once a week ( He- Third person singular)
They visit their parents at least once in a week. ( They- Second person plural)
HOW TO IDENTIFY A FINITE VERB

Rule 3: A finite verb is controlled by the tense

Example: Sita studies French- Present Tense
Ram will study French- Future tense
Yash studied French- Past Tense
TYPES OF NON-FINITE VERB

Non- Finite Verb- There are three types of Non- finite verbs
1. Infinitives
2. Gerunds
3. Participle--------a) Present participle
b) Past participle
c) Past perfect participle
TYPES OF NON-FINITE VERB

Infinitives: They are root verbs and they can be either TO INFINITIVE- to eat or BARE
INFINITIVE - an infinitive verb form without to, or used with certain auxiliary verbs like
Shall or I must go
Participle- The present participle : -ing + form
Past Participle: The action completed in the past
Perfect participle: Have + V4
TYPES OF INFINITE VERBS

Gerunds: They are verbs which acts as verbs and they seem to be just as a present participle but has a different
cause.
They are used in the place of subject, object or a complement
Example: Swimming is a good exercise
He likes Swimming
The book is interesting
Note: Usage of to is must with – used, accustomed, addicted, habituated and the verb is present continuous
Example: He is addicted to having good food always.
RULES

Rule 1: Reaction of bare infinitive with some modals. We cannot use “TO + V1” form with
modals. That is modals are written without TO
Example: They can do the work
She shall come today
Rule 2: Sometimes the Infinitive with TO is used with these two modals i.e. we use TO + V1
with these two modals. ( Ought to and Have to )
Example: You ought to obey the rules and regulations
You have to work and study hard
RULES

Rule 3: The word “TO” should be used along with the following items and the verb used should be in V4 form
-Used To, Accustomed To, Addicted To, Habituated To.
Example: He is addicted to using social media till late night
My sister is accustomed to going for a walk everybody
Rule 4: The following words is used along with verb V1
- Try, Refuse, Proceed, plan, Neglect, Hesitate, Begin, Manage, Learn, Forget, etc
Example: The kid hesitates to speak in front of his class mates
My father refused me to talk to her
RULES

Rule 5: Gerund form is always used after Possessive pronouns like – My, Mine, His, Her, Your, Our etc.
Example: My mother is very upset about my failing in the exam
Please forgive our intruding
Rule 6: Always remember the verbs are compulsorily followed by the subjects. They must agree with the
subjects according to their number and person
Singular subject = Plural verb
Plural Subject = Singular verb
Example: A boy plays hockey
The girls play basketball
AUXILIARY VERBS

An Auxiliary verb is a verb that is used as a helping verb along with the main verb in a
sentence to make it more meaningful. It is used to alter the Tense, Mood or voice of the
sentence.
Example: Harini IS talking to Divya
Jack HAS already eaten lunch
DID you go to school yesterday?
Nithu HAS BEEN living in Coimbatore for a year.
AUXILIARY VERBS

Examples of Auxiliary verbs

Am IS Are Was Were

Have Has Had Will Would
May Might Can Could Shall
Should Must Ought to Need Do, Did
MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS

Modal auxiliary verbs can be used as helping verbs along with other main verbs to emphasise on the possibility,
ability, necessity or probability of some certain taking place.
That is – Likelihood, ability, permission, request, capacity, suggestions, order, obligation or advice. ( In
simple modals are there to express subject’s mood ).
Examples: Shall- To indicate future action
Could- To express possibility or past ability as well as to make suggestions and requests
Should- To make recommendations or give advice. It can also be used to express obligation as well as
expectations
Might- To express possibility
 MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS
Modals Usage
Can, Could, May Permission
Can, Could, be able to Past ability, power and capacity, formal request
May, Might, Can, Could Possibility
Should Show assistance, polite suggestion, Give advice
Would Request
Ought to, Must, Have to, Had to, Have got to, will Necessity, compulsion
have to
Ought not to, Must not Prohibition
Dare Challenge or courage
Need to Requirements
Used to Past habits, Habitual action
 MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS

Rule 1: Forming questions with modals

We form questions by inverting modal verb and the subject.

Examples: Should I go to the hostel now?

Must we do the work in the afternoon hours?

Will you open the door?

Rule 2: Forming negative questions in case of modals

We form negative sentences by adding “NOT”

Examples: Must we not do the work at home?

You must not be jealous of other’s success

MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS

Rule 3: In interrogative or question tags sentences, the modal verbs are used as follows.
1. For positive sentence, the question tag modal used is in negative form
2. For negative sentence, the question tag modal is used in positive form
Examples: You are not supposed to leave the temple, are you?
You can drive the cycle, can’t you?
I can hang out tomorrow, can’t I?
It is not the best decision, Is it?
We don’t often cook, do we?
MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS

Rule 4: Modals exist in two forms- Perfect form ( Modal + have+ V3)
Continuous form ( Modals + be + ing )
Example: We could have done better
He will have been appearing for the commission soon
Rule 5: No two modals comes together
Example: He must can do it-------- Wrong
He must do it--------------Correct
HE can do it----------------Correct
MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS

Note- Modals never change their form. We cannot add “s”, “ed”, “ing” after them
Modals are always followed by the bare infinitive – Without the use of TO
QUESTIONS

1. We are carrying a heavy bag and need help to deliver it. _____ you open the gate for
us, please? A) Shall B) Could C) Should D) Might
2. You ____ not bring the bag here A) Have B) Had C) Need D) Would
3. ____ you live long! A) Will B) May C) Shall D) Can
4. Being a receptionist, he will ____ type a letter. A) Has to B) Have to C) Need to
5. ___ I open the main gate? A) Should B) Would C) Could D) Must
6. You ___ take the kid to an intelligent doctor. A) Shall B) Will C) Ought to D) Would
QUESTIONS

Spot the Error in the following sentences.

1. Each of these players have been warned not to repeat the silly mistake. No error
2. The mother as well as her children were brought to the police station for interrogation. No
error
3. His benevolence and kindness are admired by his friends. No error
4. Every word and every line in the poems of Wordsworth sings the blessings of nature. No error
5. In old age none of the relatives are prepared to come to the help of the old and the sick. No
error
 THANK YOU
“Believe in yourself. You are braver than you think, more talented than you know, and
capable of more than you imagine.”