l
FUNCTIONS
and RELATIONS
GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Senior High School
DEFINITION OF A RELATION
A RELATION is a rule that relate values from a set of
values called the domain to a second set of values called
the range.
INPUT are the OUTPUT are the
values in the values in the
domain. range.
DEFINITION OF A FUNCTION
A FUNCTION is a well-defined RELATION where
each element in the domain is related to ONLY ONE
value in the range.
ONE OUTPUT for
each GIVEN
INPUT.
ALWAYS REMEMBER!
ONE OUTPUT
for each GIVEN
INPUT.
HOW DO WE REPRESENT A FUNCTION?
We can represent a FUNCTION in different ways:
EQUATIONS
HOW DO WE REPRESENT A FUNCTION?
We can represent a FUNCTION in different ways:
EQUATIONS
Functions are described by using formulas or FUNCTION NOTATIONS.
f(x) f of x
y g(x) g of x
h(m) h of m
HOW DO WE REPRESENT A FUNCTION?
We can represent a FUNCTION in different ways:
EQUATIONS
y=x+2
f(x) = 2x + 4
g(x) = x2 – 1
m(t) = 5t3 – t + 5
HOW DO WE REPRESENT A FUNCTION?
TECHNIQUE: FOR EQUATIONS
Inspect the exponent of y. If it is equal or greater than 2,
then it is not a function.
y3 = 2x + 3
HOW DO WE REPRESENT A FUNCTION?
TECHNIQUE: FOR EQUATIONS
Inspect the exponent of y. If it is equal or greater than 2,
then it is not a function.
y3 = 2x +3
NOT A FUNCTION
HOW DO WE REPRESENT A FUNCTION?
TECHNIQUE: FOR EQUATIONS
Inspect the exponent of y. If it is equal or greater than 2,
then it is not a function.
y = 2x5 + 3
HOW DO WE REPRESENT A FUNCTION?
TECHNIQUE: FOR EQUATIONS
Inspect the exponent of y. If it is equal or greater than 2,
then it is not a function.
y1 = 2x5 + 3
FUNCTION
HOW DO WE REPRESENT A FUNCTION?
TECHNIQUE: FOR EQUATIONS
The input variable (say x), should be consistent with the
output variables.
f(x) = 2x5 + 3
HOW DO WE REPRESENT A FUNCTION?
TECHNIQUE: FOR EQUATIONS
The input variable (say x), should be consistent with the
output variables.
f(x) = 2x5 + 3
FUNCTION
HOW DO WE REPRESENT A FUNCTION?
TECHNIQUE: FOR EQUATIONS
The input variable (say x), should be consistent with the
output variables.
p(t) = 2x5 + 3
HOW DO WE REPRESENT A FUNCTION?
TECHNIQUE: FOR EQUATIONS
The input variable (say x), should be consistent with the
output variables.
p(t) = 2x5 + 3
NOT A FUNCTION
HOW DO WE REPRESENT A FUNCTION?
We can represent a FUNCTION in different ways:
EQUATIONS
ORDERED PAIRS
HOW DO WE REPRESENT A FUNCTION?
We can represent a FUNCTION in different ways:
EQUATIONS
ORDERED PAIRS
f = {(1,6),(2,8),(3,10)}
f = {(4,6),(6,8)}
HOW DO WE REPRESENT A FUNCTION?
We can represent a FUNCTION in different ways:
MAPPING DIAGRAM
EQUATIONS
GRAPHICAL FORM
ORDERED PAIRS
TABLE FORM
x 1 2 3
y 6 8 10
HOW DO WE REPRESENT A FUNCTION?
TECHNIQUE: FOR ORDERED PAIRS
Inspect all the values of x. If there are no repeated values,
then it is a function.
R={(1,6),(2,8),(3,10),(1,4),(4,7)}
HOW DO WE REPRESENT A FUNCTION?
TECHNIQUE: FOR ORDERED PAIRS
Inspect all the values of x. If there are no repeated values,
then it is a function.
R={(1,6),(2,8),(3,10),(1,4),(4,7)}
NOT A FUNCTION
HOW DO WE REPRESENT A FUNCTION?
TECHNIQUE: FOR ORDERED PAIRS
Inspect all the values of x. If there are no repeated values,
then it is a function.
R={(1,6),(2,6),(3,10),(5,4),(4,7)}
HOW DO WE REPRESENT A FUNCTION?
TECHNIQUE: FOR ORDERED PAIRS
Inspect all the values of x. If there are no repeated values,
then it is a function.
R={(1,6),(2,6),(3,10),(5,4),(4,7)}
FUNCTION
HOW DO WE REPRESENT A FUNCTION?
TECHNIQUE: FOR MAPPING DIAGRAM
FUNCTION NOT FUNCTION
one-to-one many-to-many
many-to-one one-to-many
FUNCTION OR NOT?
FUNCTION NOT FUNCTION
one-to-one many-to-many
many-to-one one-to-many
FUNCTION
FUNCTION OR NOT?
FUNCTION NOT FUNCTION
one-to-one many-to-many
many-to-one one-to-many
NOT A
FUNCTION
FUNCTION OR NOT?
FUNCTION NOT FUNCTION
one-to-one many-to-many
many-to-one one-to-many
FUNCTION
FUNCTION OR NOT?
FUNCTION NOT FUNCTION
one-to-one many-to-many
many-to-one one-to-many
NOT A
FUNCTION
HOW DO WE REPRESENT A FUNCTION?
TECHNIQUE: FOR GRAPHS
Use the VERTICAL LINE TEST.
HOW DO WE REPRESENT A FUNCTION?
HOW DO WE REPRESENT A FUNCTION?
NOT A
FUNCTION
HOW DO WE REPRESENT A FUNCTION?
HOW DO WE REPRESENT A FUNCTION?
HOW DO WE REPRESENT A FUNCTION?
HOW DO WE REPRESENT A FUNCTION?
HOW DO WE REPRESENT A FUNCTION?
FUNCTION
HOW DO WE REPRESENT A FUNCTION?
We can represent a FUNCTION in different ways:
MAPPING DIAGRAM
EQUATIONS
GRAPHICAL FORM
ORDERED PAIRS
TABLE FORM
CONCEPT OF POLYNOMIAL FUNCTIONS
A polynomial function is in the form:
CONCEPT OF POLYNOMIAL FUNCTIONS
RULES ON POLYNOMIAL FUNCTIONS:
1. It should satisfy the
definition of a function.
2. There shouldn’t have a f(x) = 2s5 + 3
fraction/division containing
expressions with variables
on the denominator.
3. Exponents of the variables NOT A
can only be whole numbers
(0, 1, 2,…)
POLYNOMIA
L FUNCTION
CONCEPT OF POLYNOMIAL FUNCTIONS
RULES ON POLYNOMIAL FUNCTIONS:
1. It should satisfy the
definition of a function.
2. There shouldn’t have a f(x) = + x
fraction/division containing
expressions with variables
on the denominator.
3. Exponents of the variables POLYNOMIA
can only be whole numbers
(0, 1, 2,…)
L FUNCTION
CONCEPT OF POLYNOMIAL FUNCTIONS
RULES ON POLYNOMIAL FUNCTIONS:
1. It should satisfy the
definition of a function.
2. There shouldn’t have a f(x) =
fraction/division containing
expressions with variables
on the denominator.
3. Exponents of the variables NOT A
can only be whole numbers
(0, 1, 2,…)
POLYNOMIA
L FUNCTION
CONCEPT OF POLYNOMIAL FUNCTIONS
RULES ON POLYNOMIAL FUNCTIONS:
1. It should satisfy the
definition of a function.
2. There shouldn’t have a f(x) = 2x1/2 + 3x
fraction/division containing
expressions with variables
on the denominator.
3. Exponents of the variables NOT A
can only be whole numbers
(0, 1, 2,…)
POLYNOMIA
L FUNCTION
EVALUATION OF FUNCTIONS
To find f(x) for a given value of x is to evaluate the
function f by substituting the value of x in the equation.
Problem 1. Given f(x)=2x+4, find the value of
f(x) for x=3, -1, and (x+3).
ACTIVITY
EVALUATION OF FUNCTIONS
Problem 2. Given s(t) = t +2t+3
2
Evaluate:
1. s(0)
2. s(2.5)
3. s(t+4)
4. s(t -2t+4)
2
HEALTHBREAK
10 minutes
ODD AND EVEN FUNCTIONS
A basic understanding of these
functions is crucial for someone who
wants to apply CALCULUS to real-
life situations.
ODD AND EVEN FUNCTIONS
ODD AND EVEN FUNCTIONS
Even Function: f(-x) = f(x)
Odd Function: f(-x) = - f(x)
ODD AND EVEN FUNCTIONS
Even Function: f(-x) = f(x)
Odd Function: f(-x) = - f(x)
ODD AND EVEN FUNCTIONS
We are given a function:
f(x) = x2 – 1
Determine if it is an
odd or even function.
ODD AND EVEN FUNCTIONS
We are given a function:
f(x) = 3x3 – x
Determine if it is an
odd or even function.
ODD AND EVEN FUNCTIONS
We are given a function:
f(x) = 5x2 + x – 2
Determine if it is an
odd or even function.
OPERATIONS ON FUNCTIONS
Say we are given two functions f(x) and g(x):
SUM: (f + g)(x) = f(x) + g(x)
DIFFERENCE: (f – g)(x) = f(x) – g(x)
PRODUCT: (f ⋅ g)(x) = f(x) ⋅ g(x)
QUOTIENT:
OPERATIONS ON FUNCTIONS
Problem 3. Given two functions f(x) = 2x + 4 and
g(x) = x2 – 2. Evaluate the following:
1. (f + g)(x)
2. (f – g)(x)
3. (f ⋅ g)(x)
OPERATIONS ON FUNCTIONS
Problem 4. Given two functions f(x) = 2x + 4 and
g(x) = x – 2. Evaluate the following:
1. (f + g)(x + 2)
2. (f – g)(x – 2)
COMPOSITE FUNCTIONS
The composition of the function f with g is denoted
and defined as:
is read as “circle”
COMPOSITE FUNCTIONS
Problem 5. Given two functions f(x) = 2x + 4 and
g(x) = x2 – 2. Evaluate the following:
1. (f g)(x)
2. (g f)(x)
ACTIVITY
OPERATION OF FUNCTIONS
AND COMPOSITE FUNCTIONS
Problem 5. Given two functions r(x) = 2s + 4 and
t(x) = s2 – 2. Evaluate the following:
1. (t r)(s - 1)
2. (r t)(s - 1)
