English Literature 19 A - Research Methodology

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

Augtafani Hendardiastuti (1209619051)

Farahita Mufidah A (1209619021)
Sawitri Aulia Khaerani (1209619043)
Zaki Narayan Satria (1209619049)
Annotated Bibliography

● Annotated bibliography is a list of citations, which can include books, journal articles and documents.
Its purpose is to highlight the importance, accuracy and credibility of each cited source.

● Functions:
○ A literature review
○ Thesis formulation
○ Demonstrate of research
○ Information source on a topic
○ Items of interest to other researchers

● The elements of annotated bibliography are the citation and annotation, which consist of brief
summary of the main arguments in the items.
Annotation

● Annotation contain several sentences summarizing the main points or ideas found in the item. It also
include the writer own statement evaluating the quality of the item and/or relating the item to one own
research topic.

● The length of annotation is usually 100-200 words per citation.

● Annotation is different from an abstract. While an abstract is purely descriptive summarisation of an

article, book, web site or other type of publication, annotations can be descriptive, they also include
distinctive features about an item.
Types of Annotated Bibliography

Descriptive / Informative Analytical / Critical

● Summarizes the material ● Analyze what is being said

● Highlights key elements ● Examines the weaknesses and strengths
● Describes the author's main arguments ● Describing the applicability of the
and conclusions author's conclusions
The APA Format
A. In-Text Citation

Basic Format: (Author's Last Name(s) or Organization, Year).

- Direct Quotes:
- According to Brown (2019), "Direct quote" (p. 1021).
- Brown (2019) found that "Direct quote" (p. 1021).
- [Some other introduction] "Direct quote" (Brown, 2019, p. 1021).

If there are more than 40 words of the direct quotation, then use a blockquote.

For example:

Shavers (2007) study found the following:

While research studies have established that socioeconomic status influences disease incidence, severity and access to
healthcare, there has been relatively less study of the specific manner in which low SES influences receipt of quality care and
consequent morbidity and mortality among patients with similar disease characteristics, particularly among those who have gained
access to the healthcare system. (p. 1021)
 The APA Format
A. In-Text Citation
- Summarizing or Paraphrasing:

For example:

According to Shavers (2007), limitations of studying socioeconomic status in research on health disparities include difficulties in collecting
data on socioeconomic status and the complications of classifying women, children, and employment status.

In-text citations differ depending on the number of authors listed for a work, and if there is a group author.

1 Author - You only need the author's last name and the year. (Abrams, 2018)

2 Authors - Connect both authors' last names with & (ampersand) and include the year. (Wegener & Petty, 1994)

3 or More Authors - If there are 3 or more authors use et al., which means "and others." (Harris et al., 2018)

Group Authors - First time with an abbreviation: (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2019) Then all subsequent citations:
(CDC, 2019)
The APA Format
B. Reference

Basic Format:

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Date). Title of the work. Source where you can retrieve the work. URL or DOI if available

- Book : Author surname, initial(s). (Year). Title (ed.). Publisher location: Publisher.

Example:

● Mitchell, J.A., Thomson, M., & Coyne, R.P. (2017). A guide to citation. London, England: My Publisher
● Jones, A.F & Wang, L. (2011). Spectacular creatures: The Amazon rainforest (2nd ed.). San Jose, Costa Rica: My
Publisher
- E-book: Author surname, initial(s). (Year). Title. Retrieved from URL

Example:

Mitchell, J.A., Thomson, M., & Coyne, R.P. (2017). A guide to citation. Retrieved from
https://www.mendeley.com/reference-management/reference-manager
The APA Format
B. Reference

- Journal Article

Author surname, initial (s). (Year). Article Title. Journal Title, Volume Number (issue or part Number, optional), page
numbers. DOI or Retrieved from URL.

Example:

● Mitchell, J.A. (2017). Citation: Why is it so important. Mendeley Journal, 67(2), 81-95. Retrieved from
https://www.mendeley.com/reference-management/reference-manager
● Ashing‐Giwa, K. T., Padilla, G., Tejero, J., Kraemer, J., Wright, K., Coscarelli, A., Clayton, S., Williams, I., & Hills, D.
(2004). Understanding the breast cancer experience of women: A qualitative study of African American, Asian American,
Latina and Caucasian cancer survivors. Psycho‐Oncology, 13(6), 408-428. https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.750
The APA Format
B. Reference

- News Article

Author surname, initial(s). (Year, Month Day). Title. Title of Newspaper, column/section, p. or pp. Retrieved from URL*

Example:

Mitchell, J.A. (2017). Changes to citation formats shake the research world. The Mendeley Telegraph, Research News, pp.9. Retrieved
from https://www.mendeley.com/reference-management/reference-manager

- Web Page

Author surname, initial(s). (Year, month day). Title. Retrieved from URL

Example:

● Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (n.d.). Preventing HPV-associated cancers.
https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/hpv/basic_info/prevention.htm/
● Mitchell, J.A. (2017, May 21). How and when to reference. Retrieved from https://www.howandwhentoreference.com.
 Examples of Annotated Bibliography
Descriptive or Informative Annotated Bibliography

Coulam, R. F. (1977). Illusions of choice: The F-111 and the problem of weapons
acquisition reform. Princeton University Press.

A pivotal study of the controversial Tactical Fighter Experiment (TFX) program (later called the F-111), an early
effort of the 1960s to produce a multipurpose fighter that would be used by both the Air Force and Navy. Beset by
numerous development problems, the program was eventually abandoned by the Navy; the Air Force decided to
continue, but the difficulties persisted. Coulam's title aptly points up the fact that as aircraft development proceeds,
a point of no return is reached, at which choices become minimal. Given the complex and ingrained nature of the
weapons acquisitions process, prospects for reform, Coulam says, are doubtful unless the institutions involved in
the process are changed.
 Examples of Annotated Bibliography
Analytical or Critical Annotated Bibliography

Coulam, R. F. (1977). Illusions of choice: The F-111 and the problem of weapons acquisition reform. Princeton University Press.

A pivotal study of the controversial Tactical Fighter Experiment (TFX) program (later called the F-111), an early effort of the 1960s to produce a
multipurpose fighter that would be used by both the Air Force and Navy. Beset by numerous development problems, the program was eventually
abandoned by the Navy; the Air Force decided to continue, but the difficulties persisted. Coulam's title aptly points up the fact that as aircraft
development proceeds, a point of no return is reached, at which choices become minimal. Given the complex and ingrained nature of the weapons
acquisitions process, prospects for reform, Coulam says, are doubtful unless the institutions involved in the process are changed.

While this book is an in depth exploration of the failures of the F-111 program, readers interested in the political controversies, including the
contract awarded to General Dynamics, would be better served reading Robert J. Art's The TFX Decision: McNamara and the Military (Boston:
Little, Brown, 1968). The author was a graduate student at the time of publication, and has not published in this field since, instead focusing on
health policy, human rights, interrogation, and terrorism. However, this book directly addresses the larger problems in weapons acquisitions in the
postwar era, which will be useful in my research on the Air Force Systems Command acquisition projects during McNamara's time as Secretary of
Defense.
 ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

Dishman, R. K., McIver, K. L., Dowda, M., Saunders, R. P., & Pate, R. R. (2019). Self-efficacy, beliefs, and goals:
Moderation of declining physical activity during adolescence. Health Psychology, 38(6), 483-493.
https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000734
This longitudinal study examined effects of self-efficacy on goals and beliefs about physical activity environments
from childhood through adolescence. An objective measure of physical activity and self-reports of social–cognitive
beliefs and physical activity goals were collected from 187 students in the fifth, sixth, seventh, ninth, and 11th
grades. Results showed moderating effects of self-efficacy to overcome barriers on links from perceived barriers
and neighborhood environment and students’ goals to changes in physical activity. Physical activity measured by an
accelerometer declined most in students with larger declines in self-efficacy. The influence of changing goals on
physical activity in youth may differ on the basis of youths’ internal beliefs about overcoming barriers to physical
activity and their perceptions of the external physical activity
 ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

Johnson, R. C., & Allen, T. D. (2013). Examining the links between employed mothers’ work characteristics, physical
activity, and child health. Journal of Applied Psychology, 98(1), 148- 157. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0030460
The authors tested a process model through which the strain-based (job control and role ambiguity) and time-based
(work hours) job demands of employed mothers relate to child health via child modeling of mothers’ physical
activity. Data that included 359 dyadic mother–child reports from a multiwave, nationwide data set and job
demands from the Occupational Information Network supported the model. Mothers with more demanding jobs
exercised less and had less active children who were also in poorer health. Evidence of negative impacts of job
variables on mothers’ and children’s physical activity highlights interconnections between workplace factors and
important health outcomes for employees and their families.
 THANKS!
STAY HAPPY
AND
STAY HEALTHY
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