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Logic Circuits - Simpler

This document discusses digital logic circuits and their basic components. It describes how digital signals can represent true and false values using different voltage levels. It then explains different types of basic logic blocks, including combinational logic blocks whose outputs depend only on inputs, and sequential logic blocks whose outputs depend on inputs and stored state. Common logic gates like AND, OR, and XOR are defined. Digital adders are covered, including half-adders that add two bits and full-adders that can add three bits and handle carry bits. Finally, the document discusses sequential logic circuits that incorporate memory elements like flip-flops, and covers the basic operation of a set-reset flip-flop.

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Noumaan Ul Haq Syed
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7 views

Logic Circuits - Simpler

This document discusses digital logic circuits and their basic components. It describes how digital signals can represent true and false values using different voltage levels. It then explains different types of basic logic blocks, including combinational logic blocks whose outputs depend only on inputs, and sequential logic blocks whose outputs depend on inputs and stored state. Common logic gates like AND, OR, and XOR are defined. Digital adders are covered, including half-adders that add two bits and full-adders that can add three bits and handle carry bits. Finally, the document discusses sequential logic circuits that incorporate memory elements like flip-flops, and covers the basic operation of a set-reset flip-flop.

Uploaded by

Noumaan Ul Haq Syed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Digital Logic Circuits

CMP4267 Computer Systems – LAB 4

COLLEGE OF COMPUTING
Digital Signals
• In a nutshell, a digital signal refers to a 0 (False) or a 1 (True)
• In electronics, digital signal 1 indicates a small voltage
• While digital signal 0 indicates no voltage
• Example:
1 (3V)
1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0

0 (0V)

Each column represents a small amount of time


Logic Block
Types of Basic Logic Blocks
• Combinational Logic Block
• Logic Blocks whose output logic value
• depends only on the input logic value
• Sequential Logic Block
• Logic Blocks whose output logic value
• Depends on the input values and the state (stored information) of the blocks.
• The functions are described through
• Truth Tables – Boolean Function
Logic Circuit Description

Truth Boolean Logic


Table Function Diagram
Simple log gate meaning
Exclusive OR
• Produces an output of true (1) when an odd number of true inputs
are present.
• XOR is sometimes represented by the symbol ⊕, and its operation can
be expressed as A ⊕ B, where A and B are the inputs.
Digital Adders
• In digital electronics, an adder is a fundamental digital circuit that performs the
arithmetic operation of addition (commonly used in ALUs).
• Adders are essential components in many digital systems, including computers
and various data processing units.
• Two common types:
• Half-Adders: A half adder can perform binary addition of two bits but does not consider any
carry input from previous addition operations.
• Full-Adders: Perform binary addition of three bits: two input bits (A and B) and a carry input
(Cin) from a previous addition operation. It produces two outputs: the sum (S) and the carry
out (Cout).
Half-Adders
• Adds two numbers and produces a sum bit (s) and carry bit (c) both as output.

=A⊕B

= A×B
Full-Adders
• 2 Half Adders and an OR gate is required to implement a Full Adder.
• From this, larger adders are developed for multi-bit binary numbers (i.e. ALUs)
Full-Adders

⊕ (A ⊕ B)

(A ⊕ B)

AB + (A ⊕ B)
AB
Sequential Logic
• A sequential circuit consists of a feedback path, and employs some memory
elements.
• In essence,
• Sequential circuit = Combinational logic + Memory Elements

Combinational Memory
logic elements

External inputs
Memory Elements
• Two types of triggering/activation:
Positive pulses
• pulse-triggered
• edge-triggered
• Pulse-triggered
Positive edges Negative edges
• latches
• ON = 1, OFF = 0
• Edge-triggered
• flip-flops
• positive edge-triggered (ON = from 0 to 1; OFF = other time)
• negative edge-triggered (ON = from 1 to 0; OFF = other time)
Set-Reset (S-R) Flip Flop
• Digital circuit component used in electronics and digital logic circuits
to store one bit of data.
• Asynchronous
• Two inputs and Two outputs
• When Q is HIGH, SET state is on.
S R Q Q' State
• When Q is LOW, RESET state is on.
0 0 NC NC No change. OP
• R=HIGH (and S=LOW) is a RESET state remained in present
• S=HIGH (and R=LOW) is a SET state state.
1 0 1 0 SET.
• Both inputs LOW a no change 0 1 0 1 RESET.
• Both inputs HIGH a Q and Q’ are invalid! 1 1 0 0 Invalid condition.
Any Questions?

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