Lecture 3

Software. Operating systems

 Plan

1.Software. Types of the software, purpose and characteristic.

Basic concepts of OS.
2.Evolution of operating systems. Classification of operating
systems, including for mobile devices. Classification of
desktop applications.

Software. Operating systems

Aim of the lecture:
the student will be able to
Describe what software is
Classify computer software according to the usage of them
Give examples for each category of computer software
• Describe the Windows 10 Operating System
• Identify and perform the basic operations in Windows 10
• Organize and work with your files
Software
What is Software? Software, also called a computer program or
simply a program, is a series of instructions that tells the hardware
of a computer what to do.

•Before a computer can perform or execute a program, the instructions

in the program must be loaded into the memory of the computer.
Usually, they are loaded into memory from storage like hard disk.
Control Panel Items in Windows 10
Control Panel Items in Windows 10 (1)
Control Panel Items
System Software.
• Operating Systems (OS).The Operating System contains instructions
to:
• co-ordinate all of the activities of hardware devices of your computer.
It also contains
• allow you to run any applications software.
• Operating system is an interface between a user and all computer
resources.
Operating System (OS) & application programs
• When you start a computer, the operating system is loaded or copied
into memory from the computer hard disk.
• It remains in memory while the computer is running and allows you
to communicate with the computer and other software.
• A computer cannot function without an operating system.
• It is an important component of the computer system, because it sets
the standards for the application programs that run on it. All
programs must “talk to” the OS.
Operating System (OS) hardware resourses
• Operating system (OS), program
that manages a computer's
resources, especially the
allocation of those resources
among other programs.
• Typical resources include the
central processing unit (CPU),
computer memory, file storage,
input/output (I/O) devices, and
network connections
System Software.

• Examples Of System Software

• Windows. The Windows Operating System is perhaps one of
the most well-known system software. ...
• Mac OS. The Mac Operating System, along with Windows, is
one of the most popular operating systems. ...
• Chrome OS. ... Ubuntu. ... Android. ... iOS. ...
• PlayStation System Software.
Desktop OS vs. Server OS

•Desktop OS: A client OS is an OS

that runs on desktop computers and
other portable devices. In contrast, a
server OS is an OS that is developed to
be installed and utilized on a server. A
client operating system may obtain
services from a
•windows XP, windows 7 -
Windows 11
LIBRARY PROGRAMS.

•Library programs are collections of some pre-written codes or

resources that are used to develop other programs.
For example, you might have noticed that all Microsoft Programs look
like the same or have the same look and feel in the interfaces though the
application differs. The reason for this consistent look is the using of
same graphical user interface libraries when developing different
applications by the Microsoft.
Programming Language Translators.
• Programming Language Translators. You are already aware that a
Program is a set of instructions written for performing a specific task.
These instructions are just like English words. We call that these
programs are written in programming languages that can be
understood by human beings. These written programs are called that
Source codes.
• However, finally programs run on a machine code that is executed
directly on computer architecture. Machine code is not easily read by
humans and it is a long series of bits (i.e. ones-1 and zeros-0).
Therefore, the source code is to be converted into machine code
which is called an object program.
Programming Language Translators.
• Simply, the translators translate source code into machine code.
There are three approaches of program translating: Assembler,
Interpreter, Compiler.
• An assembler is a program that takes basic computer instructions and
converts them into a pattern of bits that the computer's processor
can use to perform its basic operations. Some people call these
instructions assembler language and others use the term assembly
language.
Assembler
Compiler and Interpreter
• A Compiler takes a program as a whole.
• An Interpreter takes single lines of a code.
• The Compilers generate intermediate machine codes.
• The Interpreters never generate any intermediate machine codes.
Compiler:

• Compilers are the translators, which translate all the instructions of

the program into machine codes, which can be used again and again
• The source program is input to the compiler. The object code is
output for the secondary storage device. The entire program will be
read by the compiler first and generates the object code.
• However, in interpreter each line is executed and object code is
provided. High-level languages such as C, C++ and Java compilers are
employed.
Windows
My laptop computer
• Device name DESKTOP-TVVD0M0 Microsoft Managed
Desktop applies a standardized name format
• Processor Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-4700MQ CPU @ 2.40GHz
2.40 GHz
• Installed RAM 8.00 GB
• System type 64-bit operating system, x64-based
processor
• Edition Windows 10 Pro
• Version 21H2
2.Evolution of operating systems. Classification of operating
systems, including for mobile devices.

• Microsoft Windows,
• Apple macOS,
• Linux,
• Android
• Apple's iOS
Microsoft operating systems generations:
• MS-DOS
• Windows 1-10 (ME, 2000, XP, Vista, etc)
• Windows 11
2.Evolution of operating systems for mobile devices.

• Most Used Mobile Phone Operating System (OS) (2009-2019)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=etrE_NcjXX8

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MMyMB4zm9so
Thank you for your attention