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Chemsheets AS 037 (Halide Reducing Power)

1. The document describes experiments comparing the reducing power of halide ions by observing their reactions with sulfuric acid. 2. Chloride does not reduce sulfuric acid, bromide reduces it from S(VI) to S(IV), and iodide fully reduces sulfuric acid from S(VI) to S(-II). 3. The reducing power trend is chloride < bromide < iodide because it becomes easier to lose electrons down the halogen group due to larger ion size and more electron shielding.

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829 views15 pages

Chemsheets AS 037 (Halide Reducing Power)

1. The document describes experiments comparing the reducing power of halide ions by observing their reactions with sulfuric acid. 2. Chloride does not reduce sulfuric acid, bromide reduces it from S(VI) to S(IV), and iodide fully reduces sulfuric acid from S(VI) to S(-II). 3. The reducing power trend is chloride < bromide < iodide because it becomes easier to lose electrons down the halogen group due to larger ion size and more electron shielding.

Uploaded by

Disha Suleman
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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© www.chemsheets.co.

uk AS 037 10-Jul-12
Write half equations for:
Give oxidation states for S in each formulae

2 Cl– → Cl2 + 2 e–
Cl– → Cl2 2 Br– → Br2 + 2 e–

Br– → Br2 2 I– → I2 + 2 e–

– H2SO4 + 2 H+ + 2 e– → SO2 + 2 H2O


I → I2
H2SO4 + 6 H+ + 6 e– → S + 4 H2O
H2SO4 → SO2
H2SO4 + 8 H+ + 8 e– → H2S + 4 H2O
H2SO4 → S

H2SO4 → H2S

© www.chemsheets.co.uk AS 037 10-Jul-12


2.5.3 - Reducing power of Halides

2 X– → X2 + 2 e–

When a halide ion reduces another substance, the


halide is oxidised to a halogen.

This experiment compares how well the halides


reduce H2SO4 to compare the reducing power of the
halide ions.

© www.chemsheets.co.uk AS 037 10-Jul-12


halide products observation reaction type equation

Cl–

Br–

I–

© www.chemsheets.co.uk AS 037 10-Jul-12


halide products observation reaction type equation

Cl– HCl steamy fumes

Br–

I–

© www.chemsheets.co.uk AS 037 10-Jul-12


halide products observation reaction type equation

Cl– HCl steamy fumes

HBr steamy fumes

Br– Br2 brown fumes

SO2 colourless gas

I–

© www.chemsheets.co.uk AS 037 10-Jul-12


halide products observation reaction type equation

Cl– HCl steamy fumes

HBr steamy fumes

Br– Br2 brown fumes

SO2 colourless gas

HI steamy fumes

I2 purple fumes

I– SO2 colourless gas

S yellow solid

H 2S gas (bad egg


smell)

© www.chemsheets.co.uk AS 037 10-Jul-12


Formation of hydrogen halides:

NaX + H2SO4 → NaHSO4 + HX

e.g. NaCl + H2SO4 → NaHSO4 + HCl

© www.chemsheets.co.uk AS 037 10-Jul-12


halide products observation reaction type equation

Cl– HCl steamy fumes acid-base NaCl + H2SO4  NaHSO4 + HCl

HBr steamy fumes acid-base NaBr + H2SO4  NaHSO4 + HBr

Br– Br2 brown fumes

SO2 colourless gas

HI steamy fumes acid-base NaI + H2SO4  NaHSO4 + HI

I2 purple fumes

I– SO2 colourless gas

S yellow solid

H 2S gas (bad egg


smell)

© www.chemsheets.co.uk AS 037 10-Jul-12


halide products observation reaction type equation

Cl– HCl steamy fumes acid-base NaCl + H2SO4  NaHSO4 + HCl

HBr steamy fumes acid-base NaBr + H2SO4  NaHSO4 + HBr

Br– Br2 brown fumes 2 Br– + H2SO4 + 2 H+  Br2 + SO2 + 2 H2O

SO2 colourless gas 2 Br– + H2SO4 + 2 H+  Br2 + SO2 + 2 H2O

HI steamy fumes acid-base NaI + H2SO4  NaHSO4 + HI

I2 purple fumes

I– SO2 colourless gas

S yellow solid

H 2S gas (bad egg


smell)

© www.chemsheets.co.uk AS 037 10-Jul-12


halide products observation reaction type equation

Cl– HCl steamy fumes acid-base NaCl + H2SO4  NaHSO4 + HCl

HBr steamy fumes acid-base NaBr + H2SO4  NaHSO4 + HBr

Br– Br2 brown fumes 2 Br– + H2SO4 + 2 H+  Br2 + SO2 + 2 H2O

SO2 colourless gas 2 Br– + H2SO4 + 2 H+  Br2 + SO2 + 2 H2O

HI steamy fumes acid-base NaI + H2SO4  NaHSO4 + HI

I2 purple fumes 2 I– + H2SO4 + 2 H+  I2 + SO2 + 2 H2O

I– SO2 colourless gas 2 I– + H2SO4 + 2 H+  I2 + SO2 + 2 H2O

S yellow solid 6 I– + H2SO4 + 6 H+  3 I2 + S + 4 H2O

H 2S gas (bad egg 8 I– + H2SO4 + 8 H+  4 I2 + H2S + 4 H2O


smell)

© www.chemsheets.co.uk AS 037 10-Jul-12


halide products observation reaction type equation

Cl– HCl steamy fumes acid-base NaCl + H2SO4  NaHSO4 + HCl

HBr steamy fumes acid-base NaBr + H2SO4  NaHSO4 + HBr

Br– Br2 brown fumes reduction of Br– 2 Br– + H2SO4 + 2 H+  Br2 + SO2 + 2 H2O

SO2 colourless gas reduction of H2SO4 2 Br– + H2SO4 + 2 H+  Br2 + SO2 + 2 H2O

HI steamy fumes acid-base NaI + H2SO4  NaHSO4 + HI

I2 purple fumes 2 I– + H2SO4 + 2 H+  I2 + SO2 + 2 H2O

I– SO2 colourless gas 2 I– + H2SO4 + 2 H+  I2 + SO2 + 2 H2O

S yellow solid 6 I– + H2SO4 + 6 H+  3 I2 + S + 4 H2O

H 2S gas (bad egg 8 I– + H2SO4 + 8 H+  4 I2 + H2S + 4 H2O


smell)

© www.chemsheets.co.uk AS 037 10-Jul-12


halide products observation reaction type equation

Cl– HCl steamy fumes acid-base NaCl + H2SO4  NaHSO4 + HCl

HBr steamy fumes acid-base NaBr + H2SO4  NaHSO4 + HBr

Br– Br2 brown fumes reduction of Br– 2 Br– + H2SO4 + 2 H+  Br2 + SO2 + 2 H2O

SO2 colourless gas reduction of H2SO4 2 Br– + H2SO4 + 2 H+  Br2 + SO2 + 2 H2O

HI steamy fumes acid-base NaI + H2SO4  NaHSO4 + HI

I2 purple fumes reduction of I– 2 I– + H2SO4 + 2 H+  I2 + SO2 + 2 H2O

I– SO2 colourless gas reduction of H2SO4 2 I– + H2SO4 + 2 H+  I2 + SO2 + 2 H2O

S yellow solid reduction of H2SO4 6 I– + H2SO4 + 6 H+  3 I2 + S + 4 H2O

H 2S gas (bad egg reduction of H2SO4 8 I– + H2SO4 + 8 H+  4 I2 + H2S + 4 H2O


smell)

© www.chemsheets.co.uk AS 037 10-Jul-12


Reducing power trend

Cl– does not reduce H2SO4


Br– reduces H2SO4 from S(+6) to S(+4)

I– reduces H2SO4 from S(+6) to S(-2)

© www.chemsheets.co.uk AS 037 10-Jul-12


Reducing power trend: Cl– < Br– < I–

When a halide ion acts as a reducing agent, it loses


electrons (given to the reduced species).

Cl–
2 X– → X2 + 2 e–

Down the group it becomes easier to


Br–
lose an electron because:
ions are larger & there is more
I– shielding (due to extra electron shell)

© www.chemsheets.co.uk AS 037 10-Jul-12

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