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CHAP#2 Introduction To Management by Nadia Khan

The document discusses the history and evolution of management principles from ancient times to modern approaches. It explains that management has its roots in early civilizations like ancient Babylon where large construction projects required coordination. Formal management study emerged during the Industrial Revolution and various theories were proposed to improve efficiency. These included classical management prioritizing productivity, bureaucracy theory focusing on structure, and scientific management applying scientific methods. Later, human relations theory emphasized the social aspects of work and system theory viewed organizations as complex interconnected systems. Contingency theory recognized that the best approach depends on specific situations.

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11 views12 pages

CHAP#2 Introduction To Management by Nadia Khan

The document discusses the history and evolution of management principles from ancient times to modern approaches. It explains that management has its roots in early civilizations like ancient Babylon where large construction projects required coordination. Formal management study emerged during the Industrial Revolution and various theories were proposed to improve efficiency. These included classical management prioritizing productivity, bureaucracy theory focusing on structure, and scientific management applying scientific methods. Later, human relations theory emphasized the social aspects of work and system theory viewed organizations as complex interconnected systems. Contingency theory recognized that the best approach depends on specific situations.

Uploaded by

nadiakhan8780
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CHAP#2

History and Evolution of


Management Principles
Introduction to Management
Nadia khan
Lecturer Business Law
 While you may think that management is a relatively new field,
it actually has its roots in the ancient world. Whenever and
wherever there has been commerce, there has been
Historical context management and those thinking about how to do it better. For
of Management example, the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, including
the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, and the Great Pyramid, could
only have been constructed through the work of a great many
people. The size and complexity of these structures suggest that
there must have been people (managers) who coordinated the
labor and resources needed to execute the construction plans.
The combination of
coordination and
specialization problems
encouraged the
development of
management study as a
distinct field.
Classification of
Approaches
 The classical theory of management, which emerged during the
19th century’s Industrial Revolution, is a management
Classical approach that prioritizes efficiency and productivity in
organizations. It views employees as having primarily
Approach economic and physical needs while neglecting their social
needs and job satisfaction.
 The bureaucracy theory of management, introduced by Max
Weber (1864-1920), focuses on efficient organizational
structure and administration. It involves a hierarchical system
with clear lines of authority, strict rules and regulations, and an
Bureaucratic emphasis on impartiality and efficiency.

Approach  Weber believed that dividing tasks into manageable units, each
overseen by skilled specialists, leads to an
effective organization.
 Scientific management theory is a management approach aimed
at improving economic efficiency and labor productivity.
Developed by Frederick W. Taylor (1856-1915), it applies

Scientific scientific methods to analyze workflows and optimize


production
Approach  By identifying the most efficient ways to complete tasks,
Taylor emphasized the importance of training workers to
maximize their efficiency, leading to higher productivity.
 The Human Relations Theory of Management, established by

Human Elton Mayo in the 1920s, focuses on the importance of social


and psychological factors in the workplace. It views employees
Relations as social beings with unique needs and behaviors, rather than
mere economic entities.
Approach
 The System Theory of Management views organizations
Systems as complex systems comprising interconnected subsystems that
Approach work together towards a common goal.
.
 Contingency Theory of management, also known as the
Contingency situational theory of management, recognizes that there is no

Approach one-size-fits-all solution to management problems. It


emphasizes that the best way to lead and make decisions
depends on the specific situation.

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