±660kV Matiari-Lahore HVDC Transmission Line

Lahore Converter Station

AC & DC System Protection

CONTENT

1 AC System Protection

1.1 AC Transmission Line & Busbar Protection

1.2 AC Filter Protection

1.3 Converter Transformer Protection

2 DC System Protection
1. AC System Protection

• AC System consist of 500kV, 132kV, 35kV and 11kV voltage levels. In this
presentation we will discuss 500kV and 132kV system protection.

• 500kV yard consist six one and half breaker scheme bays and one single breaker bay
for 500/35kV transformers on both 500kV busbar.

• 132kV yard consist three single bus single breaker bays. Two for incoming
transmission lines form Bhaiphero & Bucheki. One bay is for 132/11kV station
transformer.

• There are four AC filter banks. Each bank consists of two 150MVAR harmonic filter
and two 160MVAR shunt capacitor sub banks.

• There is total 12 single phase converter transformer, six for each pole. One Y-Y and one
Δ-Y converter transformer make set for one phase.
1.1 AC Transmission Line and Busbar
Protection
• In this section, we will cover the protection system used for 500kV and 132kV
transmission lines and 500kV busbar at Lahore converter station.

• Table-1.1 provides brief introduction of transmission line and busbar protection panels
used and the protection devices in those panels.
Voltage Level Panel Panel Code Protection Device Protection Function

MiCOM-P446 Distance Protection (21)

Overcurrent Protection
Line Distance Protection Panel 1 =BX+R11 MiCOM-P142
(50/51)
MiCOM-P841 Auto Recloser (79)
500kV
REL-670 Distance Protection (21)
Overcurrent Protection
Line Distance Protection Panel 2 =BX+R12 MiCOM-P142
(50/51)
MiCOM-P841
Table-1.1: Protection Devices of Lahore Converter Station Autoand
AC Transmission Lines Recloser
Busbar(79)
1.1 AC Transmission Line and Busbar
Protection
Voltage
Panel Panel Code Protection Device Protection Function
Level
MiCOM-P546 Differential Protection (87L)

Line Differential Protection Panel 1 =BX+R11 MiCOM-P142 Overcurrent Protection (50/51)

MiCOM-P841 Auto Recloser (79)

RED-670 Differential Protection (87L)

Line Differential Protection Panel 2 =BX+R12 MiCOM-P142 Overcurrent Protection (50/51)

500kV
MiCOM-P841 Auto Recloser (79)

MiCOM-P741 Bus Diff. Sub Unit

Bus-I Protection Panel =BX+R17
MiCOM-P742 Bus Diff. Main Unit (87B)

MiCOM-P741 Bus Diff. Sub Unit

Bus-II Protection Panel =BX+R17
MiCOM-P742 Bus Diff. Main Unit (87B)
Table-1.1: Protection Devices of Lahore Converter Station AC Transmission Lines and Busbar
1.1 AC Transmission Line and Busbar
Protection
Voltage
Panel Panel Code Protection Device Protection Function
Level
CB Protection Panel =BX+R15 MiCOM-P841 Breaker Failure (50BF)
500kV
Trip Circuit Supervision Panel =BX+R16 REL91325 Trip Circuit Monitor (TCM)

MiCOM-P443 Distance Protection (21)

132kV Line Protection Panel =EX+RP3
MiCOM-P142 Overcurrent Protection (50/51)

Table-1.1: Protection Devices of Lahore Converter Station AC Transmission Lines and Busbar
1.1.1 Protection Functions

Distance Protection (21):

• Every component of the power system source, load or transmission line has an
impedance. All these impedances add up to make system impedance.

• Distance protection relay (21) monitors the impedance of the transmission line. Voltage
and current is measured at the start of the line through CT and PT. Relay calculates the
impedance based on these measurements.

• In normal condition this impedance will be the impedance of transmission line and the
load.

• In case of fault on the transmission line the impedance will be less than the impedance
of transmission line and the relay will generate a trip.
1.1.1 Protection
Functions
• Zone 1:
Distance • 80% of the line.
Protection (21): • Trip Immediately.
• Figure shows a • Zone 2:
conceptual distance • 120% of the line.
relay scheme. • Backup delay.
• Zone 3:
• Backup for
adjoining lines.
• Backup delay
1.1.1 Protection Functions

Distance Protection (21):

• For 500kV transmission lines Lahore Sheikhupura I & II and Lahore North I & II
(future) Schneider make MiCOM-P446 distance relay is used in Line Protection Panel
1.
• For 500kV transmission lines Lahore Sheikhupura I & II and Lahore North I & II
(future) ABB make REL-670 distance relay is used in Line Protection Panel 2.

MiCOM-P446

REL-670
1.1.1 Protection Functions

Distance Protection (21):

• For 132kV transmission lines Schneider make MiCOM-P443* distance relay is used in
Line Protection Panel.

MiCOM-P443

*Note: For now, 132kV line protection uses XUJI make Chinese relay as the work is not complete.
1.1.1 Protection Functions

Differential Protection (87L):

• Line differential relay measures current at the terminals of protected zone or
transmission line.

• This protection works with two relays of same type installed on both ends of the line.
They communicate with each other with the help of fiber optic link.

• Relay compares the current value at both ends and work on current differential
operation which will generate a trip if the difference in both currents exceeds a preset
value.
1.1.1 Protection
Functions

Differential
Protection (87L):
• Figure shows a
conceptual
differential relay
scheme.
1.1.1 Protection Functions

Differential Protection (87L):

• For 500kV transmission lines Lahore South I & II Schneider make MiCOM-P546
differential relay is used in Line Protection Panel 1.*

• For 500kV transmission lines Lahore South I & II ABB make RED-670 differential
relay is used in Line Protection Panel 2.*

MiCOM-P546

RED-670

*Note: As the fiber optic communication link between two substations is not complete, that is why for now
distance protection function is being used to protect the transmission lines towards Lahore south substation..
1.1.1 Protection Functions

Overcurrent Protection (50/51):

• Overcurrent protection provides protection against excessive overcurrent in the
protected equipment.

• ANSI device number 50 is for instantaneous overcurrent element, it operates as soon as

the current gets higher than the pre-set value.

• Definite time relay is set on a pre-set delay time so it operates after the delay no matter
the amount of fault current. Definite time overcurrent relays are used as backup
protection with distance protection relays.

• 51 is for inverse time overcurrent element, the relay will operate faster for higher
currents and slower for lower or near the adjusted value currents
1.1.1 Protection Functions

Overcurrent Protection (50/51):

• For 500kV and 132kV transmission line protection panels Schneider MiCOM-P142
overcurrent relay is used as backup of distance and differential protection.

MiCOM-P142
1.1.1 Protection Functions

Auto Recloser (79):

• Each 500kV transmission line is provided with auto-reclosing function after a trip due
to the fault.

• In case of a persistent fault on the line the auto-reclosing sequence blocks after one
attempt.

• In case of bus bar fault or breaker failure stage two fault initiation the auto reclosing
sequence is blocked.

• At Lahore converter station Schneider make MiCOM-P841 auto-reclosing relays are

installed on each line protection panel set 1 and set 2. Panel 1 MiCOM-P841 relay
perform reclosing operation of bus side circuit breaker Q1 or Q2. Panel 2 MiCOM-
P841 relay perform reclosing operation of middle circuit breaker Q3.
1.1.1 Protection Functions

Auto Recloser (79):

MiCOM-P841
1.1.1 Protection Functions

Breaker Failure Protection (50BF):

• Circuit breaker protection provides a failsafe backup that in case of circuit breaker
failure to operate in time of fault this protection relay trips the adjacent, high level or
lower-level feeding circuit breakers to isolate the fault.

• There are two stages for circuit breaker failure scheme.

• Stage-1: activates first and if after the main protection trip signal circuit breaker
fails to clear the fault the circuit breaker protection relay issues a trip signal again
to the circuit breaker.
• Stage-2: If after the stage-1 the fault still persist and circuit breaker is not working,
stage-2 is initiated in which circuit breaker failure relay sends trip signal to all the
in-feeding circuit breakers they can be on same bus-bar, HV side of a transformer,
LV side of the transformer or remote end of the transmission line.
1.1.1 Protection Functions

Breaker Failure Protection (50BF):

• At Lahore converter station Schneider make MiCOM-P841 is used as circuit breaker
failure protection relay.
1.1.1 Protection Functions

Trip Circuit Supervision (TCM):

• Trip circuit supervision relay monitors the health of both trip circuit paths of the circuit
breaker.

• In case of trip circuit abnormality, it generates an alarm.

• Every circuit breaker has two trip circuits and each trip circuit has three trip circuit
supervision relays one for each phase. So, in total for one circuit breaker total six trip
circuit supervision relays are installed.

• At Lahore converter station Schneider make REL-91325

single phase trip circuit supervision relay is used.

REL-91325
1.1.1 Protection Functions

Busbar Differential Protection (87B):

• Busbar protection is used to protect the substation busbar against internal faults.

• It is differential protection which mainly uses current measurement of all the bays
connected to the busbar and add them. In normal condition the differential current will
be under the set value.

• When busbar has an internal fault, the current entering the busbar will have the fault
path to leave so in that case busbar protection will generate trip to all the breakers
connected with the faulty busbar.

• At Lahore converter station for 500kV Busbar protection decentralized busbar

differential protection scheme is used.
1.1.1 Protection Functions

Busbar Differential Protection (87B):

• In decentralized differential busbar protection scheme each bay has its dedicated
subunit relay.

• For each busbar there is a main unit relay which communicate with all the connected
bay subunits.

• Main unit relay calculates the differential current and in case of abnormality send trip
command.

• At Lahore converter station for 500kV busbar protection Schneider make MiCOM
P741 is used as main unit and MiCOM P742 is used as subunit relay.

• Figure in next slide shows busbar decentralized differential protection scheme.

1.1.1 Protection Functions

Busbar Differential Protection (87B):

1.2 AC Filter Protection

• The protection zone of AC filter protection is AC filter bus, AC filter, parallel capacitor
and related areas.

• AC filter protection adopts dual redundant configuration. Each protection system has
all the protection functions and it protects all the given area.

• Dual protection system is totally independent of each other in physical and electrical.

• Both the systems have independent two power supplies, secondary coil for measuring
mutual inductor, signal input/output circuit, trip circuit and communication circuit.

• Goal of protection system is to quickly remove short circuit fault or abnormal operating
equipment in the system.
1.2 AC Filter Protection

• The protection can distinguish different fault states and can arrange different protection
levels such as alarm, restart and stop accordingly.

• There are four AC filter banks. Each bank has two protection cubicle, two start-up
measurement interface cubicle, two protection measurement interface cubicle and two
operate box cubicle.

• HCM3000 control and protection platform is used. Protection system consist of three
parts: Protection Cubicle, ,measurement Interface cubicle and operate box cubicle.

• Each protection is equipped with start-up measurement cubicle and protection

measurement cubicle.
1.2 AC Filter Protection

Description of Panel/Cabinet Cubicle No.

Protection Cubicle A of the First AC Filter Bank =S2+AFP 1A

Protection Cubicle B of the First AC Filter Bank =S2+AFP 1B

Startup Measurement Interface Cubicle A of the First AC Filter Bank =S2+FMTI 1A

Startup Measurement Interface Cubicle B of the First AC Filter Bank =S2+FMTI 1B

Protection Measurement Interface Cubicle A of the First AC Filter Bank =S2+FMPI 1A

Protection Measurement Interface Cubicle B of the First AC Filter Bank =S2+FMPI 1B

Operation Box Cubicle of the First Filter Bank =S2+AFI 1-12

Operation Box Cubicle of the First Filter Bank =S2+AFI 1-34

Table-1.2: List of AC Filter Protection Cubicle for Lahore Converter Station

• Table shows the protection panel for AC filter bank-1, other three AC filter banks also
have same protection panels.
1.2 AC Filter Protection

Protection Functions

• Figure shows
configuration of AC
Filter bank busbar
protection.
1.2 AC Filter Protection

Protection Functions

• Figure shows
configuration of
double tunned AC
filter (HP 12/24)
protection.
1.2 AC Filter Protection

Protection Functions

• Figure shows
configuration of
parallel capacitor
protection.
1.3 Converter Transformer Protection

• The protection of converter transformer is three-fold to ensure reliability and prevent

mis-operation.

• It ensures the protection of protected area in any operating condition and failure of any
single component in protection system will not cause wrong operation.

• Converter transformer protection works on “two out of three” logic. If any two out of
three operate than the protection system will generate the trip signal. This logic is
implemented in protection system A and B. There is no “two out of three” logic in
protection system C.

• In normal operating conditions when all the protection systems are working normally at
least two protections will start the trip and then the protection system will send the
tripping signal through the optical fiber to the control system
1.3 Converter Transformer Protection

• In case of internal fault in protection system “two out of three” logic will automatically
switch to single redundant protection configuration.

• PAC-886 protection device is used as the main protection and backup protection for
converter transformer.

• Triple configured the device will act if any two out of three protections operate.

• Protection tripping signal is transmitted by GOOSE. This device works with PAC-839
switch value tripping interface device to implement “two out of three” logic.
1.3 Converter Transformer Protection

Description of Panel/Cabinet Cubicle No.

Converter Protection Panel 1A =S2+TFP 1A

Converter Protection Panel 1B =S2+TFP 1B

Converter Protection Panel 1C =S2+TFP 1C

Converter Non-electric Protection Panel 1A =S2+ITFP 1A

Converter Non-electric Protection Panel 1B =S2+ITFP 1B

Converter Non-electric Protection Panel 1C =S2+ITFP 1C

Table-1.3: List of Converter Transformer Protection Cubicle for Lahore Converter Station

• Table shows the protection panel for converter transformer for pole-1, pole-2 also have
same panels for converter transformer protection.
1.3 Converter Transformer Protection
2. DC System Protection

• DC protection protects all the relevant DC equipment.

• It covers ±660kV HVDC yard, valve hall, bipolar DC line and DC filter.

• It also overlaps with adjacent protection areas and has no protection dead zone.

• Pole 1 and pole 2 has same protection for them.

• Bipolar neutral and electrode lines are common parts for both the poles.

• To minimize the impact on bipolar operation if in case of shutdown one pole is

shutdown other pole can also protect the area. Zoning of DC protection is as follow:
2. DC System Protection

• Zone 1 (Converter Area Zone): It refers to the area between the bushing on the side
of converter transformer valve and the DC current transformer in the 12-pulse
converter valve hall.

• Zone 2 (DC Pole Bus Zone): It refers to the area from HVDC current transformer of
12-pulse bridge to the DC current transformer on DC outgoing line. DC filter
equipment is not included.

• Zone 3 (Polar Neutral Bus Zone): This zone consists area from LV DC current
transformer IDNC of 12-pulse bridge to the polar neutral line.

• Zone 4 (DC Line Zone): This area refers to the DC conductor and all the equipment
between DC current transformers IDL on the DC outgoing lines of two converter
stations.
2. DC System Protection

• Zone 5 (Bipolar Zone): This zone protects the conductor and all the equipment
between the current transformer IDNE of two mono-polar neutral lines and the earth
electrode.

• Zone 6 (DC Filter Zone): This protection zone includes the protection of all devices
between HV and LV sides of the DC filter.

• Figure-2.1 in the next slide shows all the DC protection zones:

2. DC System Protection
2. DC System Protection

• DC pole protection is triple redundant to ensure reliability and protect against failure to
clear faults and maloperation.

• It works on two out of three logic and modules of this logic are installed in protection
A and B. There is no two out of three-logic module in protection C. At least two
protections trip then the protection system transfer trip signal to the pole control
system.

• If any DC protection system fails, the two out of three logics will be blocked and
system will work on single redundant protection system.

• Each protection system is completely independent of others both physically and

electrically. Therefore, if any protection system is out of service due to maintenance or
other reasons other two protection systems will work normally.
2. DC System Protection

• DC protection system of Lahore converter station consist of six cubicles mentioned in

Table-2.1
Description of Panel/Cabinet Cubicle No.

Pole 1 Pole Protection System A =S2+PPR 1A

Pole 1 Pole Protection System B =S2+PPR 1B

Pole 1 Pole Protection System C =S2+PPR 1C

Pole 2 Pole Protection System A =S2+PPR 2A

Pole 2 Pole Protection System B =S2+PPR 2B

Pole 2 Pole Protection System C =S2+PPR 2C

Table-2.1: List of DC Protection Cubicle for Lahore Converter Station

Thank You!