THE EXAMPLE

of Bushing dimension calculation process on103 pump

• Interference Fit
(inner Housing and outer Bushing )

1) Tolerance class for Housing

Range of possible
Tolerance due to
imperfection of
housing surface
Housin
g
Nominal Dia.

Bushing

In fact, the actual housing ID is not always exactly equal to the

nominal diameter all along its length due to imperfection resulted by manufacture.
So, if the bushing OD was defined equal to the nominal diameter and fit into the
housing, there might be the unintentional clearance or interference between the
housing and the bushing.
To control the housing ID to be in permissible range, the tolerance
class principle in ISO 286 was applied to the housing hole.
1) Tolerance class for Housing

ISO 286 recommendation

So, the fundamental

deviation H are chosen
for tolerance class by
using basic-hole
 1) Tolerance class for Housing

lower limit deviation for hole

The lower limit deviation of fundamental

deviation “H” is always equal to 0

Housing nominal Dia. = 76.19 mm

( From manufacturer record)
Maximum Housing ID

Nominal Dia.
(Minimum Housing ID) H
Housing upper limit deviation for hole
Tolerance = lower limit deviation + tolerance
0
= tolerance
Choose the fundamental deviation “H” for the
housing follows ISO 286 recommendation lower limit deviation for hole = 0
 1) Tolerance class for Housing

Housing nominal Dia. = 76.19 mm

( From manufacturer record)

For example, as the recommended tolerance class H7-H9 for hole,

choose the standard tolerance grade “IT8” for the housing hole
So, the tolerance we’ve obtained is 0.046 mm
1) Tolerance class for Housing

Housing nominal Dia. = 76.19 mm

( From manufacturer record)

The tolerance size for housing hole

= 76.19 H8
+ 0.046
= 76.19 + 0.00 mm

The actual housing diameter shall be

controlled within this range

The minimum housing ID

= Nominal diameter = 76.19 mm

The maximum housing ID

= The minimum housing ID + tolerance
= 76.19 + 0.046 = 76.236 mm
2) Thermal expansion consideration

Increased gap due to

difference in thermal
expansion
Housing Housing ID
expansion
Bushing OD
expansion

bushing

Maximum
At
At Maximum Centerline Housing Dia.
AMBIENT
Temperature
condition
2) Thermal expansion consideration

Housing

Increased gap due to

difference in thermal
expansion
Housing ID
bushing expansion
Bushing OD
expansion

To compensate the gap which take place between the housing and the bushing
when operate at maximum temperature, The compensated thickness shall be
added to the bushing OD with the same amount of increased gap.

Maximum
Centerline Housing Dia.

At Maximum
Temperature
condition
2) Thermal expansion consideration

No gap between bushing

and housing when both Increased gap due to
are expanded difference in thermal
expansion
Housing Housing ID
expansion
The Compensated Bushing OD
Thickness expansion
(=Increased gap)

bushing
Increased gap resulted by thermal expansion = [housing CTE – bushing CTE]* [Maximum housing ID]*[Differential temp]

= [(11-6.48)*10^(-6)] * [76.236] * [82-32] = 0.0172 mm

Maximum
Centerline Housing Dia.

At Maximum
At
Temperature
AMBIENT
condition
3) Minimum interference fits at maximum temperature

Housing
Minimum interference
at maximum temperature

Increased gap due to

The compensated
thickness
difference in thermal
(=Increased gap) expansion
Housing ID
bushing expansion
Bushing OD
expansion

Minimum interference at maximum temperature = 0.05mm + 0.001mm per mm of Max Housing ID

(Graphalloy statement)

= 0.05+[0.001*76.236] = 0.126 mm
Maximum
Centerline Housing Dia.

To keep the bushing in housing when pump operate at maximum temperature (highest expansion),
the required minimum interference fit shall be additionally applied to the bushing OD to retain the
bushing in housing with minimum interference fit at maximum temperature. At Maximum
Temperature
condition
4) Minimum bushing OD and Minimum interference fit at ambient
Bushing tolerance
Maximum bushing OD AMBIENT
Minimum bushing OD
minimum interference at maximum temp Minimum
Interference fit
Maximum Housing ID The compensated thickness at ambient
0.046 mm
Nominal Dia.
(Minimum Housing ID) H8
Housing Upper limit deviation Lower limit deviation
Tolerance for bushing OD for bushing OD

According to all of previous considerations, the fit diagram of outer bushing and inner housing was established as shown above
and the minimum bushing OD and the minimum interference fit at ambient have been defined as follows:

Minimum bushing OD = [Maximum housing

[Nominal Dia.] ID] + [Minimum
+ [Housing tolerance] interference
+ [Minimumfitinterference
at ambient]fit at ambient] (1)

; Minimum interference fit at ambient = [The compensated thickness] + [minimum interference at maximum temp] (2)
Minimum interference fit at ambient = 0.0172 + 0.126 = 0.1432 mm
Take (2) into (1) :

Minimum bushing OD = [Maximum housing ID] + [The compensated thickness] + [minimum interference at maximum temp]

Minimum bushing OD = 76.236 + 0.0172 + 0.126 = 76.379 = 76.38 mm

 5) Maximum bushing OD and Maximum interference fit at ambient

Bushing tolerance AMBIENT

(0.05 mm)
Maximum bushing OD

Minimum bushing OD
Minimum Maximum
Interference fit Interference fit
Maximum Housing ID at ambient at ambient
0.046 mm
Nominal Dia.
(Minimum Housing ID) H8 Lower limit deviation
Upper limit deviation
for bushing OD for bushing OD

According to diagram as shown above, the maximum bushing OD and the maximum interference fit at ambient have been defined as follows:

Maximum bushing OD = [Minimum bushing OD] + [Bushing tolerance]

; Gaphalloy bushing tolerance = 0.05 mm
Maximum bushing OD = 76.38 + 0.05 = 76.43 mm

Maximum interference fit at ambient = [Maximum bushing OD] - [Nominal Diameter]

Maximum interference fit at ambient = 76.43 – 76.19 = 0.24 mm

• Clearance Fit
(inner Bushing and outer Shaft ) The possible
tolerance due to
1) The tolerance class for Shaft imperfection of
shaft surface

Bushing
Nominal Dia.

Shaft

In fact, the shaft OD is not always exactly equal to the nominal

diameter all along the shaft length due to imperfection resulted by manufacture.
So, if the bushing OD was defined equal to the nominal diameter, there might be
the unintentional clearance or interference between shaft and bushing.
To control the shaft OD to be in permissible range, the tolerance
principle was applied. According to IOM document, the manufacturer
recommendation for shaft tolerance was shown as below:
1) Tolerance for Shaft
1) Tolerance for Shaft

• Shaft OD = 2.186 inch

= 55.524 mm

MDR
Difference in the limit deviation = tolerance
= 50 micron

IT 8 IT 9 Nominal
Shaft Dia.

46
50
74

Choose the grade that require

the shaft diameter be more
accuracy
1) Tolerance for Shaft

Nominal Dia. (Maximum Shaft Dia.)

0.046 mm
Minimum Shaft Dia.
h8
Shaft lower limit deviation for shaft
Tolerance = upper limit deviation - tolerance
0
= - tolerance
The tolerance class
upper limit deviation for shaft = 0

The tolerance size for shaft

= h8 upper limit deviation The maximum shaft OD
= Nominal diameter = 55.524 mm
+ 0.00
= 55.52 - 0.046 mm
lower limit deviation The minimum shaft OD
= The maximum shaft OD - tolerance
= 55.524 - 0.046 = 55.478 mm
The actual shaft diameter shall be
controlled within this range
2) Bushing Shrinkage after installation

Housing

Bushing
Interference
(from previous chapter)
Shrinkage distance

Bushing OD
Housing ID

Nominal
Shaft Bushing diameter Centerline
diameter after installation

Shrinkage distance

Regarding shrinkage statement of Graphalloy

After the bushing is pressed into the housing, the ID will close-in an amount
approximately equal to the press fit (90%-100%). Ninety percent of this close-in will take place
almost immediately, while it may take up to 24 hours to reach final size.
 2) Bushing Shrinkage after installation

Housing

Interference
Bushing (from previous chapter)
The eliminative thickness Shrinkage distance

Bushing OD
Housing ID
Nominal
Shaft Bushing diameter Centerline
diameter after installation

The eliminative thickness Shrinkage distance

According to shrinkage statement of Graphalloy, the maximum and the minimum shrinkage distance was defined as follows :
To eliminate the exceeding bushing material which take place into the shaft
surface,
Maximum Shrinkage The eliminative thickness shall be added to the bushingMinimum
distance ID with the same distance
Shrinkage
amount
= 100% of maximum
of maximum shrinkagefitdistance
interference at ambient = 90% of minimum interference fit at ambient

= 1.0 x [maximum bushing OD – minimum housing ID] = 0.9 x [minimum bushing OD – maximum housing ID]
2) Bushing Shrinkage after installation

Maximum Shrinkage distance = Minimum Shrinkage distance

= 100% of maximum interference fit at ambient = 90% of minimum interference fit at ambient

= 1.0 x [maximum bushing OD – minimum housing ID] = 0.9 x [minimum bushing OD – maximum housing ID]

= 1.0 x [76.43 - 76.19] = 0.9 x [76.38 - 76.236]

= 0.24 mm = 0.13 mm

The eliminative thickness = 0.24 mm

3) Minimum desired running clearance

To build up the clearance and allow the shaft be

Housing able to rotate freely with desired running clearance
for operating, The minimum desired running
clearance shall be added to the bushing ID follows
the table as shown.
Bushing
The minimum desired running clearance

The eliminative thickness Shrinkage distance

Nominal
Shaft Centerline
diameter
Shaft OD
The eliminative thickness Shrinkage distance
= 55.52 mm
The minimum desired running clearance
RECOMMENDED MINIMUM RUNNING CLEARANCE AT OPERATING TEMP BY
GRAPHALLOY

HORIZONTAL PUMP (mm) VERTICAL PUMP (mm)

SHAFT DIAMETER CLEARANCE SHAFT DIAMETER CLEARANCE

0-76.2 0.102 0-19.05 0.076
76.21-101.6 0.102 19.06-25.4 0.102
101.61-127 0.127 25.41-38.1 0.127
127.01-152.4 0.152 38.11-50.8 0.127
152.41-228.6 0.2286 50.81-76.2 0.152
228.61-381 0.381 76.21-101.6 0.178

The minimum desired running clearance = 0.152 mm

3) Thermal expansion consideration

Housing

The compensated thickness Bushing expansion Housing expansion

The desired clearance
Bushing
Nominal
diameter Shaft expansion The desired clearance

Shaft
Centerline

When the system operate at operating temperature, the housing, the shaft and the bushing are
going to expand. And because of the interference fit that the bushing was mated with the
housing, caused the bushing was not allowed to expand bigger out of its center. So, it was going
to expand inward, caused the bushing and shaft could be out of the desired clearance.
To reach the desired clearance at operating temperature, the inner compensated
thickness shall be added to the bushing ID.

The inner compensated thickness = [Bushing expansion] + [shaft expansion] - [Housing expansion]
3) Thermal expansion consideration

The inner compensated thickness = [Bushing expansion] + [shaft expansion] - [Housing expansion]

Housing expansion = [Housing CTE]*[minimum housing ID]*[Diff temp]

=
= 0.042 mm

Shaft expansion = [Shaft CTE]*[maximum shaft OD]*[Diff temp]

=
= 0.025 mm

Bushing expansion = [Bushing CTE]*[Bushing ID]*[Diff temp]

= [Bushing CTE]*[Nominal Dia. + eliminative thickness + Minimum desired running clearance ]*[Diff temp]
=
= 0.018 mm

The inner compensated thickness = 0.025 + 0.018 - 0.042 = 0.001 mm

 4) Minimum bushing ID and Minimum clearance fit at ambient
Bushing tolerance
Maximum bushing ID
Minimum bushing ID
Inner compensated thickness
Minimum desired Minimum
running clearance Maximum
eliminative thickness clearance clearance
Nominal Dia. (Maximum shaft OD) due to shrinkage before ins. before ins.
0.046 mm
Minimum Shaft OD
h8
Shaft
Tolerance

According to all of previous considerations, the fit diagram of inner bushing and shaft was established as shown above and the
minimum bushing ID and the minimum clearance fit at ambient have been defined as follows:

Minimum bushing ID = [Nominal Dia.] + [Minimum clearance before ins.] (1)

; Minimum clearance fit before ins. = [eliminative thickness] + [Minimum desired running clearance] + [Inner compensated thickness] (2)

; Minimum clearance fit before ins. = 0.24 + 0.152 – 0.017 = 0.375

Take (2) into (1) :
Minimum bushing ID = [Nominal Dia.] + [eliminative thickness] + [Minimum desired running clearance] + [Inner compensated thickness]

Minimum bushing ID = 55.524 + 0.24 + 0.152 + 0.001 = 55.917 = 55.92 mm

 4) Minimum bushing ID and Minimum clearance fit at ambient
Bushing tolerance
Maximum bushing ID (0.05 mm)

Minimum bushing ID
Minimum Maximum
clearance clearance
Nominal Dia. (Maximum shaft OD) before ins. before ins.
0.046 mm
Minimum Shaft OD
h8 Upper limit Lower limit
Shaft deviation for
deviation for
Tolerance bushing ID
bushing ID
According to diagram as shown above, the maximum bushing ID and the maximum clearance fit at ambient have been defined as follows:

Maximum bushing ID = [Minimum bushing ID] + [Bushing tolerance]

; Gaphalloy bushing tolerance = 0.04 mm

Maximum bushing ID = 55.917 + 0.05 = 55.967 mm = 55.97

Maximum clearance fit before ins. = [Maximum bushing ID] - [Minimum Shaft OD]

Maximum clearance fit before ins. = 55.967 – 55.478 = 0.489 mm

Conclusion
Bushing OD tolerance

Nominal Limit of Sizes (mm) Limit Deviation (mm) Housing ID tolerance

Tolerance class/
Diameter (upper) (upper)
Tolerance(mm)
(mm) (lower) (lower) 76.42 mm

76.236 0.046 76.38 mm

Housing ID 76.19 H8
76.19 0.00 es = 0.24
76.236 mm ei = 0.19
76.43 0.24
Bushing OD 76.19 0.05 ES = 0.046 Nominal Dia.
76.38 0.19
H8 = 76.19 mm
Maximum Interference at ambient = 0.240 mm

Minimum Interference at ambient = 0.143 mm

55.52 0.00 Bushing ID tolerance

Shaft OD 55.524 h8
55.478 - 0.046 Shaft OD tolerance
55.97 0.443
Bushing ID 55.524 0.05 55.97 mm
55.92 0.393

Maximum Clearance before installation = 0.489 mm 55.92 mm

ES = 0.443
Minimum Clearance before installation = 0.393 mm
EI = 0.393
Note: h8 Nominal Dia.
ES = upper limit deviation for “Hole” EI = lower limit = 55.524 mm
es = - 0.046
deviation for “Hole” 55.478 mm
es = upper limit deviation for “Shaft” ei = lower limit deviation for “Shaft”
5) Tolerance class for bushing ID
5) Tolerance class for bushing ID
According to all previous calculation,

The minimum clearance (before installation) = 0.375 mm

The minimum clearance (before installation) = 0.462 mm

The span of the clearance fit = 0.462 – 0.375 = 0.087 mm = 87 µm

Haft of the span of the fit = 87/2 = 43.5 µm

In the table 1, in the line of the nominal

size range above 50 up to 80 mm, the
value 43.5 µm is situated between 30 µm
and 46 µm. The sum of the table values is
76 µm which is smaller than 87 µm.

Hence, it follows:
One standard tolerance is 30 µm and the
standard tolerance grade is IT7.
The second standard tolerance is 46 µm
and the standard tolerance grade is IT8.
5) Tolerance class for bushing ID

The lower limit deviation of bushing ID = 0.376 mm

 5) Tolerance class for bushing ID
Bushing tolerance
Maximum bushing ID (0.04 mm)

Minimum bushing ID
Minimum Maximum
clearance at clearance at
Nominal Dia. (Maximum shaft OD) ambient ambient
0.046 mm
Minimum Shaft OD
h8 Upper limit Lower limit
Shaft deviation for
deviation for
Tolerance bushing ID
bushing ID
• เกริ่นนำ (Objective)
• หา case ที่เกิด failure จากbushing ในอดีตให้เห็นถึงความสำคัญของการ
ออกแบบขนาดบูชบอก
• Case study ว่าเรากำลังจะพูดpump ตัวไหน
• มี cross DWg ของปั๊ มตัวนั้นแล้ว highlight จุดที่เราสนใจ แล้ว zoom in
เข้าไปในส่วนที่เรากำลังจะพูดถึง
• ละเริ่มส่วนสำคัญได้เลย