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10 Resonance

Resonance occurs when the frequency of an external force matches the natural frequency of a system, causing large oscillations. It is common in machinery where rotating parts can excite resonant frequencies in other non-rotating parts. Identifying resonant frequencies is important for machinery as operating near these frequencies can cause excessive vibrations and potential damage over time.

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Kristian Hutauruk
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8 views11 pages

10 Resonance

Resonance occurs when the frequency of an external force matches the natural frequency of a system, causing large oscillations. It is common in machinery where rotating parts can excite resonant frequencies in other non-rotating parts. Identifying resonant frequencies is important for machinery as operating near these frequencies can cause excessive vibrations and potential damage over time.

Uploaded by

Kristian Hutauruk
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Resonance

• Objectives
– Describe resonance
– Understand how it affects machinery
– Recognize the effects on data analysis

CSI CONFIDENTIAL
Resonance
• What is it?
– The condition of response of a system when any change
in frequency results in a reduction of the response
• Where?
– Everywhere
• Why?
– Determined by the mass, stiffness, and damping

CSI CONFIDENTIAL
Resonance
Bells, forks, and strings

Example:Fork rings at 400 Hz

During excitation signal


continues.

Remove the forcing function.


The signal fades.
CSI CONFIDENTIAL
Resonance
Rotating bodies
Unlike instruments!
Most have multiple resonant frequencies.

The 20% rule.


CSI CONFIDENTIAL
Resonance

Many tim es the shaft rotatio n excite s another part of the machine. When th e heavy spot
(see diagram above) rotates to the bott om of the shaft, it tends to compress the entire unit.
The sti ffness of the syste m causes the entire unit to recoil, li ke a spring, when the heavy
spot begins to rotate back up to the to p of the shaft.
CSI CONFIDENTIAL
Resonance
The rotation of the shaft may excite the resonant frequency of the pedestal or some other
nonrotating part of the mechanical system. The shaft rotation must occur at a frequency
that feeds the vibration of the nonrotating part.
As a machine starts up, its frequency of rotation increases up to its operating speed. If the
machine normally operates above resonance, the amplitude increases as the frequency
increases until it reaches resonance. The amplitude then decreases after the frequency
passes resonance until it reaches a constant value — free space amplitude. A typical plot
of amplitude vs. frequency appears below.

CSI CONFIDENTIAL
Resonance

CSI CONFIDENTIAL
Resonance
• Why is resonance such a problem now?
– engineering closer to resonance
– built lighter, cheaper
– machines are running faster
• How close can I get?
– 20% rule
• How about variable speeds?
– Yes, they are a concern
• Is TS the only frequency to watch?
– No! any frequency can excite resonance

CSI CONFIDENTIAL
Resonance
• Relationship : heavy spot to high spot….
– Below system resonance……..
• close to the same……about the same angle
– At resonance…..
• vibratory high spot follow by about 90
degrees
– Above resonance……
• about 180 phase shift
CSI CONFIDENTIAL
Resonance
• 3 ways to change a Resonant Frequency
– add mass : lower
– add stiffness : raise
– damping : absorbs the energy
• Average mode during bump tests?
– Negative Linear
• Red flag ratio horizontal to vertical
– 3 : 1 or more
• For a coast-down test for resonance, averaging?
– Peak and Phase

CSI CONFIDENTIAL
Resonance
• Viewing time domain
– Use acceleration “G’s”
– Shows impacting better
• Frequency?
– No boundaries
• Category?
– Sub.?, Non.?, Synch.?
CSI CONFIDENTIAL

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