Scribd
Upload
71 views15 pages

Van Der Waals Forces

Van der Waals forces are weak intermolecular attractive forces between molecules or different parts of the same molecule. They are caused by fluctuations in electron density that induce temporary dipoles in molecules that can interact. There are three main types of Van der Waals forces: Keesom forces between permanent dipoles, Debye forces between permanent and induced dipoles, and London dispersion forces between any molecules. Van der Waals forces are important for phenomena like adhesion, surface tension, and viscosity.

Uploaded by

rubiesmeralda.gonzalez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
71 views15 pages

Van Der Waals Forces

Van der Waals forces are weak intermolecular attractive forces between molecules or different parts of the same molecule. They are caused by fluctuations in electron density that induce temporary dipoles in molecules that can interact. There are three main types of Van der Waals forces: Keesom forces between permanent dipoles, Debye forces between permanent and induced dipoles, and London dispersion forces between any molecules. Van der Waals forces are important for phenomena like adhesion, surface tension, and viscosity.

Uploaded by

rubiesmeralda.gonzalez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 15

Van der Waals forces

Intermolecular attractive or
forces repulsive

What is? But first…

Chemical polarity  separate


electrical charges in its structure.

2
3
Characteristics
• Covalent bonds and ionic bonds are significantly stronger than Van
der Waals forces
• These forces are additive in nature, they are made up of several
individual interactions
• Van der Waals forces are short-range forces. Their magnitude is high
when the atoms/molecules in question are close to each other.

4
Classification
• Polar
• Atoms with different electronegativity.
• Nonpolar
• Atoms with electronegativity =.
• Molecular symmetry.

5
Keesom (dipole-dipole).

3 Debye (permanent dipole -


induced dipole).
manifestations

London (induced dipole- induced


dipole).

6
Keesom
• Dipole  when there is an asymmetric
distribution of electrons, formed by atoms of
different electronegativity.
• The more polar the greater the difference in
electronegativity between the atoms.

7
8
Debye
• Polar molecule causes a
dipole to form in a polar
molecule.
• Nonpolar molecule becomes
polar, with charges + and -.

9
London
• Nonpolar molecules or
among the noble gases.
• Ease in which cloud of
electrons can be distorted.

10
Factors affecting
• Number of electrons
• While traversing down a group in the modern periodic table, the atomic radii
of the elements increase along with the number of electrons held by their
respective nuclei.
• Shape of molecule
• Long, unbranched molecules tend to feature stronger dispersion forces than
branched, short-chain molecules.

11
Importance
• Thanks to them we can explain adhesion, friction, diffusion, surface
tension and viscosity.
• Van der Waals forces, weak as they are, define the chemical character
of many organic compounds.

12
1
3

Applications

• It is widely believed that Geckos exploit Van


der Waals forces hanging on to smooth
surfaces with only their toes.
• The attractive forces that arise between the
spatulae of the Gecko’s footpads and the
smooth surface enable the lizard to
effectively climb these surfaces. Similar
biological designs can be observed in some
spiders.
Equation
• R = 0.08206 L atm mol-1 K-1

14
• Real life spider man

Facts • 2014, Defense Advances Research Projects Agency


Geckskin.

15

You might also like