Computer Programming:

C language
Subject Teacher:
Shamshad Lakho
[email protected]
 The Decision Control Structure
• Decision making statements are used to skip or to execute a group of
statements based on the result of some condition.
• The decision making statements are,
− simple if statement
− if…else statement
− nested if
− else … if ladder
− switch statement
− goto
• These statements are also called branching statements
 IF Statement
• if statement executes a single statement or a block of statements if a
boolean expression evaluates to true.
Syntax:

If(condition)
{
Statements;
}

Here condition is a boolean expression

False
if(condition)

True (Bypass)

Statements;
 Simple if - Example
#include<stdio.h> Output1
#include<conio.h>
int main() Enter any two numbers 10 5
{
Num1 is greater than Num2
int num1,num2;
printf("Enter any two numbers "); End of program
scanf("%d %d",&num1,&num2);
if(num1>num2)
printf("\nNum1 is greater than Num2"); Output1
printf("\nEnd of program"); Enter any two numbers 10 50
getch();
End of program
}
 IF Else Statement
• An if statement can include an else clause that executes a statement or block
if the boolean expression is not true.
Syntax:

If (condition)
Statement1;
Else
Statement2;

• If condition is true, then statement1 is executed.

if(condi False
tion)
if(condition)
{ True
True block statements;
} True Block False Block
Statement Statements
else
{
False block statements;
}
 if – else Example
# include <stdio.h>
Output
void main ()
{
Type a number 50
Theint num; is positive
number
printf ("Type a number:");
scanf ("%d", &num);
if (number < 0)
printf(“The number is negative”);
else
printf(“The number is positive”);
}
 if – else Example
#include<stdio.h>
Output
void main()
{ Enter a number 125
Int num; The number is ODD
printf ("Enter a number:");
scanf ("%d",&num);
if (num%2==0)
printf ("The number is EVEN.\
n");
else
printf ("The number is ODD.\
n");
}
 if – else Example
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main (void)
{
int percentage;
printf(“Enter your percentage: “);
scanf(“%d”, &percentage);
if(percentage>=60)
printf(“You are Passed”);
else
printf(“You are failed”);
getch();
}
 Else - if Ladder Statement
• An if statement can be followed by an optional else
if...else statement, which is very useful to test various
conditions using single if...else if statement.

When using if , else if , else statements there are few points to

• An if can have zero or one else's and it must come after any
else if's.
• An if can have zero to many else if's and they must come
before the else.
• Once an else if succeeds, none of the remaining else if's or
else's will be tested.
 Else - if Ladder Statement
Syntax
if (condition1)
statement block 1;
else if (condition2)
statement block 2;
else if (condition3)
statement block 3;
:
:
else if (condition)
statement block n;
else
Else - if Ladder Statement
True
If(condition1)
False
True
Else if(condition2)
False Statements1;
True
Else if(condition3)
False Statements2;

Default Statements;
Statements3;
 Else - if Ladder Example
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>

void main(void)
{

int num1,num2;
clrscr();
printf(“Enter integer numbers to check: ”);
scanf(“%d %d”,&num1,&num2);
if(num1>num2)
printf(“num1 is greater than num2”);
else if(num1<num2)
printf(“num1 is less than num2”);
else
printf(“both numbers are equal”);
getch();

}
 Else - if Ladder Example
#include <stdio.h>
voidOutput
main ()
{
float perc;
Enter Percentage: 75
printf ("Enter Percentage:");
A Grade
scanf ("%f", &perc);
if (perc <= 100 && perc >= 80)
printf ("\n A-1 Grade");
else if (perc >= 70)
printf("\n A Grade");
else if (perc >= 60)
printf ("\n B Grade");
else
printf ("Fail");
}
 Else - if Ladder Example
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main()
{
float num1, num2; char op;
printf("Enter two numbers");
scanf("%f %f",&num1,&num2);
printf("\nEnter operator (+,-,*,/)");
op=getche();
if(op =='+')
printf("\nResult=%f",num1+num2);
else if(op == '-')
printf("\nResult=%f",num1-num2);
else if(op == '*')
printf("\nResult=%f",num1*num2);
else if(op == '/')
printf("\nResult=%f",num1/num2);
else
printf("Invalid Operator");
getch(); }