Relay Logic
Aufaclav Zatu Kusuma Frisky
Basic Logic
AND Logic
Symbol Truth table
Implementation
OR Logic
Symbol Truth Table
Implementation
NOT Logic
Symbol Truth Table
Implementation
Improvement
Boolean Algebra
• The goal of studying
Boolean Algebra to
obtain simple methods
derived from complex
logical combination
equations
• Boolean algebra can also
be used to solve
problems in PLC
programming
Law of Boolean Algebra
Input
Toggle Hand Switches
~
Single pole single throw (SPST)
Push button Hand Switches
Normally open Normally close
NO NC
Push-Push Switch
• This looks like a momentary action push switch but it is a standard on-off
switch:
• push once to switch on,
• push again to switch off.
• This is called a latching action.
Process Operated Switches
• These switches is constructed using one of the above switches. A
process variable will initiate a displacement to switch the switch
• Limit switch
• Proximity switch
• Pressure switch
• Level switch
• Temperature switch
• Flow switch
• etc
SWITCH CAPACITY
• On a switch usually there is a label informing the voltage and current capacity,
e.g.:
250 V
5A
• It means that:
• the maximum current allowed to pass the switch is 5 A.
• The maximum voltage across its terminal allowed is 250 volt
I<5 A
~ ~ V<250 V
Relay
• A relay is an electrically operated switch.
NC contact
• Current flowing through the coil of the relay
NO contact creates a magnetic field which attracts a
coil
lever and changes the switch contacts.
• The coil current can be on or off so relays
have two switch positions and they are
double throw (changeover) switches.
• Relay consist of coil and contact
• Usually a relay has 1 coil and many contacts
RELAY both NO and NC
RELAY LOGIC CONTROL
EMR (Electro Mechanical Relay)
Bagian EMR Jenis Relay Contact:
- RELAI COIL NC : Normally Closed
Inside PLC, Is
-RELAY CONTACT NO : Normally Open Logic!
Relay Example
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relay
Picture is downloaded from www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/relay.htm
Relay Contact
Multiple-contact relays.
Relay
• In electrical diagram relay is symbolized as shown
• A relay can have many contacts both NO and NC
• The coil of a relay typically passes 30mA for a 12V relay,
• The contacts can drive 5A or more depending on the size of relay
contacts
coil
NO NO NO NO NC NC NC NC
RELAY SYMBOL WITH 8 CONTACTS
Multiple Contact
Fungsi Logika relay
-AND
-OR
-NOT
-LATCH
Latching Relay
Relay
30 mA
R11 R12
5A
R1 12 V ~ 220V
• Relays allow one circuit to switch a second circuit which
can be completely separate from the first.
• For example a low voltage battery circuit can use a relay
to switch a 220V AC mains circuit.
• There is no electrical connection inside the relay
between the two circuits, the link is magnetic and
mechanical. N
Basic Logic
AND LOGIC + s1 s2 -
L
Lamp L will light if switch s1 and s2 are on.
In logic on usually symbolized as 1 and off as 0.
s1 s2 L
0 0 0 Mathematically written as
L = S1 AND S2
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1
Basic Logic
+ s1 -
OR LOGIC L
s2
Lamp L will light if switch s1 OR s2 are on.
s1 s2 L
0 0 0 Mathematically written as
L = S1 OR S2
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 1
Basic Logic
+ s1 -
NOT LOGIC R1
R11
L
Lamp L will light if not R1 is on
R1 L Mathematically written as
0 1 L = NOT(R1)
1 0
Combinational Logic
Suppose you want to design a safe car with the following criteria:
The gear box (GB) will not engage unless:
1. The safety belt (SB) is fastened, and the doors (D1-D4) are locked or
2. The safety system is disable by switching on override switch (OS) for
maintenance purpose
Mathematically the above logic is written as
GB = (SB AND D1 AND D2 AND D3 AND D4) OR OS
SB D1 D2 D3 D4
GB
OS
Program Ladder
• Internal Relay
• Latching Programs
Motor Start Stop (sequential logic)
• The following ladder diagram is used to switch a motor on and off
S1 S2
R1 R13
R12 R14
start stop
R11 motor
• R1 (motor) is off because R11 is open and S1 is in the open
(off) position
• When S1 is in the closed position, the magnetic coil is active
and triggers R11 in the closed condition, as a result R1 (motor)
is on
• When S1 is in the open position, the motor is still alive because
the position of R11 is in a closed condition, which acts as a
voltage supply bridge to the magnetic coil so that the magnetic
coil remains active.
• When S2 is pressed it will cause the connection to be
disconnected (NC) or the supply voltage to stop. As a result,
the magnetic coil will be passive and R11 will be in the open
position.
• This way of working is called a latch
Auto start of water pump
• Suppose that the motor is
used to drive water pump
LS
and we want that the pump
can run or stop automatically
depending on the water level
• In addition, we also want to
override the automatic
control using manual start
and sop control
Auto start of water pump
• Off, manual and auto motor control
O
S1 S2
M R1
start stop
A
motor
R11
LS
• 2 inputs: Off, Manual dan Automatic
• If it's Automatic then it depends on the position of the LS sensor. When
the LS closes, the pump will be active, otherwise it will be passive
• If manual condition, to turn on by pressing S1, to turn off by pressing S2
button
Contoh Kasus
The three key combinations that will unlock are:
A and B,
A and C, and
B and C
If one of the combinations mentioned above, then the relay coil will
get current (energized), so the switch will relay contact ON and
open the cabinet door.
Ladder
A ladder diagram
Relay Coil = (SW A AND SW B) OR (SW A AND SW C)
OR (SW B AND SW C)
Hardwire Logic Vs. Program Logic
• Hardwire Logic (HL)
refers to logic control
function, which focuses
more on how devices are
connected electronically
• Wiring can be done using
a relay and a relay ladder
schematic.
• Relay ladder example
Hardwire Logic Vs. Program Logic
Schematic/ Program = Boolean
Schematic/ Program = Boolean
Schematic/ Program = Boolean
Schematic/ Program = Boolean
Studi Kasus
• Buatlah Hardwire Logicnya dg
model Ladder
• TUGAS I yg harus dikumpulkan
• Batas pengumpulan Minggu Depan
sebelum kuliah berlangsung
Contoh Hidupkan Motor
Multiple Output
Multiple Input – Multiple Output
Function Block
• Function Block Diagram
(FBD) is used in PLCs
• A function block is a unit
of instruction which, Blok Fungsi
when executed, produces
one or more outputs
Simbol Gerbang Logika
• 1 dl box menandakan
terdapat output ketika input
sama dengan 1
• At the OR gate there is > 1
because there is an output if
the input is greater than or
equal to 1
• Input negation is represented
by a small circle on the input
“Negative” output is
symbolized by a small circle
on the output
Logic Block Function
Ladder the similarity with FBD
Application from the pump
Boolean Algebra
Example
Siemens
Example
Ladder ????
Another example
Example
Example
Homework
Dari Ladder mana FBD & Logika yg Benar
Opposite
Sinyal Luaran
Sinyal Luaran
Sinyal Luaran
