ENGLISH FOR

ACADEMIC
PURPOSES
QUARTER 2- MODULE 1
ANALYZES THE ARGUMENTS
USED BY THE WRITER/S IN
MANIFESTOES
Analyzes the arguments used by the
writer/s in manifestos
● Identify the different categories of
manifestoes
● Infer meaning from the arguments
VOCABULARY LIST
◦ Manifesto- a document publicly declaring the position or
program of its issuer. It advances a set of ideas, opinions,
or views but it can also lay out a plan of action. While it
can address any topic, it most often concerns art, literature,
or politics.
◦ Arguments- reasons or the reasoning given for or against
a matter under discussion — compare evidence, proof
Directions: Read the text below and answer the
questions in a separate sheet of paper or in your
notebook.
Most people don’t get enough sleep. We are a society that
burns the candle at both ends, a nation where people stay up
all night to study, work, or have fun. However, going
without adequate sleep carries with it both short- and long-
term consequences.
In the short term, a lack of adequate sleep can affect
judgment, mood, ability to learn and retain information, and
may increase the risk of serious accidents and injury. In the
long term, chronic sleep deprivation may lead to a host of
health problems including obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular
disease, and even early mortality
1.What is the main argument discussed in the
text?
2.What are the reasons presented to support the
main claim?
3.Do you agree with the statement above?
Manifesto is a document publicly declaring the
position or program of its issuer. It advances a
set of ideas, opinions, or views but it can also
lay out a plan of action. While it can address
any topic, it most often concerns art, literature,
or politics. Manifesto are generally written in
the name of a group sharing a common
perspective, ideology, or purpose rather than in
the name of a single individual.
Table 1. Major Categories of Manifesto according to
FIRSTPOST.com
Major Categories of Manifesto CHARACTERISTIC

GOAL A goal can be a manifesto when we share it with

other people. It’s public, it’s a declaration and it’s
about what one intends to have happened.

LIST AND RULE

A manifesto containing set of rules for behaving
within a specific context or a list of items to be
achieved or tasks to be fulfilled.
Table 1. Major Categories of Manifesto according to
FIRSTPOST.com
Major Categories of Manifesto CHARACTERISTIC

3. World This type of manifesto aims to create a new

world. It’s not about simple rules, instead, it
presents a vision for the future. A solemn
declaration by the constituted authorities of a
nation which contains the reason for its public
acts towards another. On the declaration of war, a
manifesto is usually issued in which the nation
declaring war states the reasons for so doing.
If you are going to notice the highlighted words from the
characteristics of the different categories of manifesto, the
common thing about them is that a, MANIFESTO or the writer of
a manifesto, aims for a change in state or in other words, the
author is trying to convince the reader to believe the concept that
he/she is trying to convey by giving arguments or logical reasons
that will catch the attention of the reader and eventually believing
it.
As a reader, the challenge
however lies on how will you
understand the meaning that
the author or writer wanted
you to know. How will you Add- on Info A
statement can only
know the arguments be considered an
presented? Let’s take a few argument if it
moments to review your past presents proof or
lesson about arguments. evidences, however if
it does not, it is only
a mere opinion.
◦ Arguments is defined as a reason or the reasoning given for
or against a matter under discussion — compare evidence,
proof. However, change can only be achieved if the reader
fully understands the argument that is accompanied with
evidences(reasons) that the author is trying to emphasize.

◦ To do that, take a look at these steps below.

 Table 2 Example of Manifesto and
Analysis of Arguments.
Category Example of Manifesto Analysis of the
Argument
1. GOAL In adversity, the crisis has also brought out some of the 1.The argument that the manifesto
best in our societies, from solidarity among neighbors, to wanted to me to believe in is that
the bravery of health and other key workers in facing “COVID- 19 Pandemic has
down risks to their own health to serve their communities, brought about Positive Effects.”
to countries working together to provide emergency relief
or to research treatments and vaccines. The “lockdown”
measures that have been necessary to control the spread
of COVID- 19 have slowed economic activity and
disrupted lives- but have also given some glimpses of a
possible brighter future.
Table 2 Example of Manifesto and
Analysis of Arguments.
Category Example of Manifesto Analysis of the
Argument
In some places, pollution levels have dropped to such an
extent that people have breathed clean air, or have been
seen blue skies and clean waters, or have been able to
walk and cycle safely with their children- for the first
times in their lives. The use of digital technology has
accelerated new ways of working and connecting with
each other, from reducing time spent commuting, to more
flexible ways of studying, to carrying out medical
consultations remotely, to spending more time with our
families. Opinion polls from around the world show that
people want to protect the environment and preserve the
positive that have emerged from the crisis as we recover.
Category Example of Analysis of the Argument
Manifesto

2. First reason the author makes to support his/ her conclusion

is found on the first sentence where the author uses the reason
as his/ her example to prove his/ her claim, “Solidarity among
neighbors and bravery of health and other key workers, to
countries working together to provide emergency relief or to
research treatments and vaccines.”.

3.List of the other Reasons:

a. Pollution levels have dropped where people have breathed
fresh air, have seen blue skies, and clean waters.
b. Reduced time spent commuting and flexible ways of
studying because of digital connecting with each other.
c. Spending a lot of time with families.
d. Raise awareness of environment conservation.
Category Example of Analysis of the Argument
Manifesto

4. If the argument has several different reasons, we select the most important
reason to know the main argument, but you need not select the main reason
with this kind of argument where all reasons fall under a single main reason
which is “the positive effects or impact of COVID Pandemic,”

Explanation for being a manifesto categorized under Goal: The manifesto

does not use obviously convincing words rather it hides the intention of
changing people’s mind using positive pictures or situation. It shares to the
reader the goal or the picture of something that everyone will accept and
appreciate with the subtle purpose of making people believe the premise. It is
different with World in the sense that it does not impose the goal. Note: A
manifesto could be in this category if the goal (something beautiful and
acceptable to everyone) is shared to reader for them to appreciate and
eventually to believe in the arguments presented.
 Table 2 Example of Manifesto and
Analysis of Arguments.
Category Example of Manifesto Analysis of the
Argument
2. List and Rules Management of people with COVID-19 or The manifesto simply
their contacts indicates the argument
• Workers who are unwell or who develop about the ways to manage
symptoms consistent with COVID-19 people infected with
should be urged to stay at home, self- COVID- 19 or their
isolate, and contact a medical professional contacts.
or the local COVID-19 information line for
advice on testing and referral.19
Category Example of Manifesto Analysis of the Argument

Where local community Explanation on how it is a manifesto under List and

transmission is high, and work Rules:
continues, allow for a telemedicine ❖ The manifesto sets the rules (the bulleted
consultation where available, or information) on how to do things in a specific
consider waiving the requirement situation.
for a medical note for workers who
are sick so that they may stay home.
• All workers should be urged to
self-monitor their health, possibly
with the use of questionnaires, and
take their body temperature
regularly.
Category Example of Manifesto Analysis of the
Argument

All workers should be urged to

self-monitor their health, possibly
with the use of questionnaires, and
take their body temperature
regularly.
• Thermal screening at the
workplace should be considered
only in the context of a
combination of measures for
prevention and control of COVID-
19 at the workplace and along with
risk communication
Category Example of Manifesto Analysis of the
Argument

• Standard operating procedures should be

prepared to manage a person who becomes sick at
the workplace and is suspected of having COVID-
19, including placing the person in an isolation
room, limiting the number of people in contact,
using personal protective equipment and
performing follow-up cleaning and disinfection.
• It is important to contact the local health
authorities and to keep attendance and meeting
records in order to facilitate or undertake contact
tracing
 Table 2 Example of Manifesto and
Analysis of Arguments.
Category Example of Manifesto Analysis of the
Argument
3. World . “NOW, THEREFORE, I, FERDINAND E. MARCOS, 1. The main assertion that this
President of the Philippines, by virtue of the powers manifesto is pointing at is that the
vested upon me by Article VII, Section 10, Paragraph (2) declaration of martial law in the
of the Constitution, do hereby place the entire Philippines country or also known as the
as defined in Article I, Section 1 of the Constitution under Proclamation no. 1081 s.
martial law and, in my capacity as their commander-in- 1972.simply because it is what this
chief, do hereby command the armed forces of the manifesto is all about. It is what
Philippines, to maintain law and order throughout the the author envisions.
Philippines, prevent or suppress all forms of lawless
violence as well as any act of insurrection or rebellion
and to enforce obedience to all the laws and decrees,
orders and regulations promulgated by me personally or
upon my direction.
Category Example of Manifesto Analysis of the
Argument

In addition, I do hereby order that all 2. The first reason that

persons presently detained, as well as all supports the assertion is the
others who may hereafter be similarly one that follows immediately
detained for the crimes of insurrection or after the assertion, in the
rebellion, and all other crimes and case of this manifesto, it is
offenses committed in furtherance or on the “maintain law and order
the occasion thereof, or incident thereto, throughout the Philippines”.
or in connection therewith, for crimes
against national security and the law of
nations, crimes against public order,
crimes involving usurpation of authority,
rank, title and improper use of names,
uniforms and insignia, crimes committed
by public
Category Example of Analysis of the Argument
Manifesto

officers, and for such other crimes 3. The other reasons mentioned are;
as will be enumerated in Orders (a.) prevent or suppress all forms of lawless violence as well
that I shall subsequently as any act of insurrection or rebellion
promulgate, as well as crimes as a (b.) to enforce obedience to all the laws and decrees, orders
consequence of any violation of and regulations
any decree, order or regulation These reasons can also be acknowledged as the vision of the
promulgated by me personally or future that the author declares that makes this manifesto as
promulgated upon my direction an example under the category “world.”
shall be kept under detention until
otherwise ordered released by me
or by my duly designated Note: It is only a manifesto under world if the declaration is
representative.” done by an authority or authorized group to do the
declaration and if it envisions change in the future.
TASK 1.
Directions: Read the following content carefully and
identify the major category of manifesto and explain briefly
why it is so. Write your answers in the piece of paper or in
your notebook.
Example: In the recent years, Filipino martial arts have been
appropriated by a number of Hollywood action films. Tom
Cruise (Mission Impossible 2), Angelina Jolie (Tomb
Raider: Cradle of Life) and Matt Damon (Bourne Series)
utilized the Pinoy Fighting form or one of its many variants.
(Pepper Marcelo) Answer: Category- Goal
Explanation: The manifesto is about the Filipino
Martial Arts being known in other countries. If you
are a Filipino, this idea would be something that you
dream to happen and would want to happen. It
belongs to the category GOAL since the assertion
made by the writer is a situation that is positive for
everyone.
1. “The National Democratic Front of the
Philippines and the broad masses of the people
themselves need to refrain from launching
tactical offensiveness to gain more time and
opportunity to fight the COVID- 19 pandemic
and to look after the health and power- all
welfare of the people in both urban and rural
areas.”- Jose Maria “Joma” Sison, exiled
founder of the Communist Party of the
Philippines.
2. How to vote on election day in 12 easy steps

Step 1: Go to your assigned polling precinct from 6 a.m. to

5 p.m. on May 9 The Commission on Election (Comelec)
advises voters to come early and not wait until the last
minute. Look for your name in the voters list posted near
the precinct. The Parish Pastoral Council for Responsible
Voting (PPCRV) voter’s assistance desk in the polling place
can also help you look for your precinct, sequence, and
room number.
Step 2: Fall in line in the holding area
Step 3: Give your name, valid I.D., and precinct number to the
Board of Election Inspectors (BEIs)
Step 4: Get your ballot, ballot secrecy folder, marker, and go to
the voting area Make sure your ballot is clean of any marks.
Step 5: Vote wisely Under voting and abstaining is allowed;
over voting is not. If you over vote, the vote will not be counted.
Shade the entire oval corresponding to your candidate of choice.
Cover your ballot using the ballot secrecy folder; even the poll
watchers and BEI cannot look at your ballot. Do not make any
other marks on the ballot.
Step 6: Feed your ballot into the vote-counting machine The machine
has a green check button that casts your vote and a red "X" button
that returns your ballot. If you don't press either in one second, the
machine automatically casts your ballot and prints a receipt.
Step 7: Return the ballot secrecy folder and marker
Step 8: Wait for your receipt to print and let the precinct supervisor
cut your receipt from the machine Do not tear or pull the voter's
receipt because it can cause the entire roll of thermal paper to be
yanked, which may cause the vote-counting machines (VCMs) to
temporarily shut down. The BEI will cut the receipt using a pair of
scissors.
Step 9: Have your right forefinger marked with
indelible ink Step 10: Take your voter's receipt and
verify your vote Step 11: Drop the receipt in the
receptacle beside the VCM provided by
Comelec ,Step 12: Leave the polling precinct
4. As adults, we can accept bad language on TV
programs, as long as it relates to the program in
question (i.e. drama series or films). However,
children should not have to hear that sort of language.
I’m not a prude by any means, but I find it really
depressing when I hear children from children to
toddler age and up using foul language. Of course,
they learn this from their parents and other family
members, but let’s minimize their exposure by
keeping it out of children’s programs. - Karen, UK
(BBC Online)
Task 2.
Directions: Read the manifesto below and
give your analysis on the following
arguments. Write your answers in a paper
or in your notebook.
 Video Games Adversely Affect
Children’s Brains By: Rafael Castillo
A lot of children in the Philippines and worldwide are crazy about video
game play (VGP). Some parents even encourage it with the belief that it can
increase their children’s dexterity and could even improve their IQ. We now
have robust scientific data indicating this impression to be erroneous.
Although some scientific studies suggest that VGP may improve certain
types of visual agility skills, negative effects of VGP outweigh them, with
unfavorable effects on verbal memory, attention, sleep, learning and
comprehension.
Most children regularly engaging in VGP have demonstrated by
sophisticated imaging studies that the release of the hormone
dopamine is increased, which is associated with most types of
addiction.
A high level of dopamine makes one experience pleasure.
Repeated exposure to an addictive substance or behavior such as
playing video games conditions the brain cells in key areas like
the prefrontal cortex—the area of the brain involved in planning
and executing tasks—to crave and go after the substance or
behavior causing the release of dopamine. The end result is being
“addicted” to the source of pleasure, and in our children’s case—
addiction to video games.
Some scientists describe the effect of video games as “hijacking
the pleasure center,” which is the same reward circuit in the brain
involved with motivation and memory. Since an addictive
behavior like VGP stimulates the same circuit, this part becomes
“hijacked and overloaded,” unfavorably affecting the child’s
memory, learning and motivation to acquire other knowledge and
skills. Hence, for many children, they may prefer playing their
video games than doing their school assignments or reviewing
for their exams. Source: Excerpts from, Rafael Castillo, “Video
Games Adversely Affect Children’s Brains,” 2015, www.
Inquirer.net
Task 3.
Directions: In two paragraphs, write your reaction in
your notebook to the arguments presented by the
writer in the manifesto above. Use the questions
below as guide in writing your reaction. A. Is the
argument generally logically acceptable? B. Are the
evidences presented realistic? C. Is the argument
leading to the development of society?
 POST- TEST A. Directions: Read the manifesto below and analyze
the arguments presented by the writer by answering the questions in
your notebook.
MANILA, Philippines — Locally stranded individuals (LSI) need not to present the
results of their coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) swab test before returning to
provinces, Interior Secretary Eduardo Año clarified Monday.

Año issued the clarification after stranded passengers at the North Port Passenger
Terminal in Tondo, Manila were reportedly required to present swab test results.

“Hindi required ‘yung PCR [polymerase chain reaction] testing sa kanila. Hindi pa
naman na-approve ‘yung bagong pino-propose nating protocol na maga-undergo ng
PCR testing ang mga LSI pero ito ay doon na sa kanilang point of destination,” Año said
in an interview on Teleradyo.
“So ngayon, yung current protocols pa rin natin na medical clearance
certificate, travel authority and then pagdating sa LGU, 14 days mandatory
quarantine,” he added.
(Right now, the current protocols remain – they should have a medical
clearance certificate, travel authority and upon arriving to the LGU, a 14-
day mandatory quarantine.)
Last week, Malacañang said stranded individuals and overseas Filipino
workers will soon be required to undergo COVID-19 swab tests before they
could return to their provinces so that local government units will no longer
have to worry that the returning residents will become carriers of the virus.
Source: Krissy Aguilar, Inquirer.Net, July 2020
1. What is the main point or idea of the manifesto above?
____________________________________________________________
_______________
2. List down the evidences presented as proof to the argument.
____________________________________________________________
_______________
B. What category does the above manifesto belong? Defend your
answer.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
____________
ASSIGNMENT/ ADDITIONAL ACTIVITY
Read one editorial news from a local
newspaper and analyze the arguments
presented by the writer.
THANK YOU!