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Matrices and Determinants Part 5

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13 views

Matrices and Determinants Part 5

Uploaded by

koushani.roy.08
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Unit 1: Linear Algebra

Topic 1.1:
Matrices and Determinants
Part: 5
By Ms. Koushani Roy
M.Sc. Applied Mathematics
Properties of determinants:
• 1. Reflection Property
• The determinant remains unaltered if its rows are changed into columns and the columns
into rows. This is known as the property of reflection.
• 2. All-zero Property
• If all the elements of a row (or column) are zero, then the determinant is zero.
• 3. Proportionality (Repetition) Property
• If all elements of a row (or column) are proportional (identical) to the elements of some
other row (or column), then the determinant is zero.
• 4. Switching Property
• The interchange of any two rows (or columns) of the determinant changes its sign.
• 5. Scalar Multiple Property
• If all the elements of a row (or column) of a determinant are multiplied by a non-zero
constant, then the determinant gets multiplied by the same constant.
• 6. Sum Property:
The sum between two determinants is the sum of the elements corresponding to their
positions.

• 7. Property of Invariance:
That is, a determinant remains unaltered under an operation of the form
• Ci → Ci + αCj + βCk, where j, k ≠ i
Or
• An operation of the form Ri → Ri + αRj + βRk, where j, k ≠ i.
• 8. Triangle Property
If all the elements of a determinant above or below the main diagonal consist of zeros,
then the determinant is equal to the product of diagonal elements. That is,

• The determinant of an identity matrix is always 1.


• The determinant of a diagonal matrix is always the product of elements of its principal diagonal.
• The determinant of an orthogonal matrix is either +1 or -1.
• The determinant of a matrix can be either positive, negative, or zero.
• The determinant of matrix is used in Cramer's rule which is used to solve the system of equations.
• Also, it is used to find the inverse of a matrix. If the determinant of a matrix is not equal to 0, then it is an
invertible matrix as we can find its inverse.
• If A is a square matrix of order 3×3, then |kA| = k3 |A|, for any scalar k.
• A square matrix A is called singular if |A| = 0 and non-singular if |A| ≠ 0.
Row column operations on Determinant:
• Rows and Columns of a determinant can be operated in various ways
to simplify it.
Solved Problems:
Find the value of the determinant by using the properties of it
( Our target here is to make the first row or first column zero only except the first term. )

Notice that row one has a factor 2, so you want to apply the row
operation R1 ← (1/2)R1. Doing so will multiply the determinant by
1/2, so you need to include an extra factor 2 to compensate.

Now we want to use row 1 to remove the 1's in column one of rows
two and three. We use the row operations R2 ← R2 – R1 and R3 ←
R3 – R1, which don't change the value of the determinant.

We want a non-zero as the leading element of row two. We decide to


swap rows two and three: R2 ↔ R3, which will change the sign of the
determinant, so we include an extra sign change to compensate.
Next, we want to remove the 2 in the last row: R4 ← R4 + 2R2. This doesn't
change the value of the determinant, so you get

This determinant is upper triangular, so we can calculate it as the product of


the elements down the main diagonal:
Practice Problems
• Question 2: Find the value of the determinant

• Question 3: Given what will be the value of abc?


Question 4: Simplify:
Question 5: Choose the correct value of the determinant:
a. b.
c. d.

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