VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

BELAGAVI-599018, KARNATAKA

PROJECT SYNOPSIS REPORT OF 4th YEAR B.E.

ON

“IOT SMART AGRICULTURE MONITORING AND AUTOMATIC

IRRIGATION SYSTEM WITH ESP8266”

Submitted by
1. HARSHITHA B.K 4UB19EI019
2. K SUMA 4UB19EI021
3. KAVYA C AMBIGER 4UB19EI022
4. LIKHITHA V 4UB19EI023

Dr. Sunitha S. L Dr. T. D Vishnumurthy

(Associate Professor) (Professor & Chairman)
(Project Guide)
Dr. Shivaprasad B Dandagi
(Principal)

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING

UNIVERSITY B.D.T. COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

DAVANGERE-577004

(A CONSTITUENT COLLEGE OF VTU, BELAGAVI)

2022-23
 UNIVERSITY B.D.T. COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
DAVANGERE-577004, KARNATAKA
(A CONSTITUENT COLLEGE OF VTU, BELAGAVI)

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND INSTRUMENTATION

ENGINEERING
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project work entitled “IOT SMART AGRICULTURE
MONITORING& AUTOMATIC IRRIGATION SYSTEM WITH ESP8266” is carried out by
Ms. HARSHITHA B K(4UB19EI019), Ms. K SUMA(4UB19EI021), Ms. KAVYA C
AMBIGER(4UB19EI022),Ms.LIKHITHA V(4UB19EI023) the bonafide students of
“UNIVERSITY B.D.T. COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, DAVANGERE”, in partial
fulfilment for the award of of in “ELECTRONICS AND
Bachelor Engineering
INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING”, of Visvesvaraya Technological University,
Belagavi, during the year 2023. It is certified that all corrections and suggestions indicated for
internal assessment have been incorporated in the report. The project report has been approved
as it satisfies the academic requirements in a report to project work prescribed by said degree.

Dr. Sunitha S. L Dr. T. D Vishnumurthy

(Associate Professor) (Professor & Chairman)
(Project Guide)

Dr. Shivaprasad B Dandagi

(Principal)
TABLE OF CONTENTS:

ABSTRACT

1. Introduction

1. Introduction to Project Work

2. Problem identification and Motivation

3. Objectives and Standard definition

2. Literature survey

3. Materials and Methodology

4. Advantages, Limitations and Applications

5. Cost Estimation

6. References
ABSTRACT:
Automation of farmers activities can transform agricultural domain for being
manual and static too intelligent and dynamic leading to higher production with
lesser human supervision. An automated irrigation system which motors and
maintains the desired soil moisture content by automatic water microcontroller
platform used to implement the control unit the setup uses soil moisture sensor
which is measured the exact moisture of level in soil this value enables the
system is to use appropriate quantity of water which avoids over under
irrigation. As water supply is becoming scarce in today's world there is an
urgency of adopting smart ways of irrigation. The project describes how
irrigation can be handled smartly using IOT. This project aims at saving time
and avoiding problems like constant vigilance. It also helps in conserving water
by automatically providing water to the plants/field depending on the water
requirements. This system can also prove to be helpful in agriculture, parks and
lawns. The objective of this system is to detect the moisture content of the soil
and depending on it sprinkle water. This entire information will be sent to the
user's mobile phone.
1. INTRODUCTION
1. INTRODUCTION TO PROJECT WORK:

Agriculture is the unquestionably the largest livelihood provider in India. With

rising population, there is a need for increased agricultural production. In order
to support greater production in farms, the requirement of the amount of fresh
water used in irrigation also rises. Currently, agriculture accounts 83% of the
total water consumption in India [1].

In the Internet era, where information plays a key role in people's lives,
agriculture is rapidly becoming a very data intensive industry where farmers
need to collect and evaluate a huge amount of information from a diverse
number of devices (e.g., sensors, faming machinery etc.) in order to become
more efficient in production and communicating appropriate information [2].

In this project, we will make IoT based smart agriculture monitoring and
automatic irrigation system using ESP8266 NodeMCU. We will use multiple
sensors like capacitive soil moisture sensor to measure moisture content present
in the soil. DS18B20 waterproof temperature sensor to measure the temperature
of the soil. We will also use the DHT22 humidity and temperature sensor to
measure the air temperature and humidity. Similarly, to monitor soil relative
humidity, air temperature, soil temperature, and relative humidity of air we have
used this small 0.96-inch OLED Display. A PIR motion sensor is used to detect
the motion activity. maybe an animal or a human entering our farm. Rain
detector sensor to detect rain status. A 5 Volt buzzer for the Alert system and a
5-volt power relay to control the water pump, whenever a low quantity of
moisture is detected in the soil. The motor automatically turns ON and hence the
irrigation is done automatically. Once the soil becomes wet the motor turns OFF
automatically. All these happenings can be monitored and controlled remotely
using the ESP8266 NodeMCU board and Blynk IoT Platform from any part of
the world.
1.2 PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION AND MOTIVATION
PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION:

The motivation behind this work was the lack of good farming facilities and
technology around the world, especially in developing and under-developed
countries like India. There is an extreme shortage of a smart irrigation system in
India, which also includes the lack of technology that is being involved in the
irrigation system. Traditional farming system does not involve smart technology
which makes the life of farmer very-very challenging in the fields.

In India, agriculture is the need of most of the Indians livelihood and it is one of
the main sources of livelihood. Agriculture also has a major impact on economy
of the country. The consumption of water increases day by day that may lead to
the problem of water scarcity.

MOTIVATION:

The motivation for this project came from the countries where economy is based
on agriculture and the climatic conditions lead to lack of rains & scarcity of
water. Irrigation is moreover the backbone of Agricultural industry. Due to
inadequate knowledge of proper utilization of water resource, lots of water is
wastage in the application of irrigation System. So, to overcome this problem, it
is necessary to make the system automate with the help of modern technology
like "Internet of Things".
3. OBJECTIVES AND STANDARD DEFINITION

OBJECTIVES:

 The objective of this project is to detect the moisture content of the

soil and depending on it sprinkle water.
 To detect the rain water using Rain Detector Sensor.
 To detect the animals entering into the farm by using PIR Sensor.
 The entire information will be sent to users’ mobile phone through
blynk application.
2. LITERATURE SURVEY:
Various researches have been carried out on how soil irrigation can be made
more efficient. The researchers have used different ideas depending on the
condition of the soil and quantity of water Different technologies used and the
design of the system was discussed by the researchers. This paper aims at
reducing the wastage of water and the labour that is used to carry out irrigation
manually. The proposed system aims at detecting the moisture content of the soil
using sensors that are placed directly into the soil. These sensors sense the water
level of the soil and if the water level is not adequate then the user will be
notified through a message that will be sent to the application which would be
installed on the user's mobile phone. The Arduino board, a microcontroller,
controls the digital connection and interaction between objects in the proposed
system, enabling the objects to sense and act [3].

Also, with its powerful on-board processing, various sensors and other
application specific devices can be integrated to it. In the system, sensors detect
the water and moisture level and send readings to a fixed access point, such as a
personal computer, which in turn can access irrigation modules installed in the
field or the physical module in the water tank, wirelessly over the internet. A
wireless application of drip irrigation automation supported by soil moisture
sensors Irrigation by help of freshwater resources in agricultural areas has a
crucial importance. Traditional instrumentation based on discrete and wired
solutions, presents many difficulties on measuring and control systems
especially over the large geographical areas. If different kinds of sensors (i.e.,
humidity, and etc.) are involved in such irrigation in future works, it can be said
that an internet based remote control of irrigation automation will be possible
[4].
3. MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY
BLOCK DIAGRAM:

5v Power
Supply

Soil moisture sensor

0.96-inch
OLED DHT22 sensor
Node
display
MCU Rain detector sensor
ESP8266
Blynk PIR sensor
mobile
application Digital temperature sensor

Relay 5v-Water
module pump motor

Figure:3.1 Block Diagram of smart agriculture monitoring and

automatic irrigation system

In this project, we make IOT based smart agriculture monitoring and automatic
irrigation system using ESP8266 NodeMCU. We use multiple sensors like
capacitive soil moisture sensor to measure moisture content present in the soil.
DS18B20 waterproof temperature sensor to measure the temperature of the soil.
We also use the DHT22 humidity and temperature sensor to measure the air
temperature and humidity.

Similarly, to monitor soil relative humidity, air temperature, soil temperature,

and relative humidity of air we have used this small 0.96-inch OLED Display. A
PIR motion sensor is used to detect the motion activity. maybe an animal or a
human entering our farm. Rain detector sensor to detect rain status. A 5 Volt
buzzer for the Alert system and a 5-volt power relay to control the water pump,
whenever a low quantity of moisture is detected in the soil. The motor
automatically turns ON and hence the irrigation is done automatically. Once the
soil becomes wet the motor turns OFF automatically. All these happenings can
be monitored and controlled remotely using the ESP8266 NodeMCU board and
Blynk IoT Platform from any part of the world.
NODE MCU:

Figure: 3.2 NodeMCU

NodeMCU is an open-source firmware for which open-source prototyping board

Designs are available. The name “NodeMCU” combines “Node” and “MCU”
(Microcontroller unit). Strictly speaking, the term “NodeMCU” refers to the
firmware rather than the associated development kits.

SOIL MOISTURE SENSOR:

Figure: 3.3 Capacitive soil moisture sensor

The capacitive moisture sensor (corrosion resistant) is a soil moisture sensor

based on capacitance changes. This sensor can only qualitatively test the
humidity of the soil and cannot measure quantitatively.
DHT22 SENSOR:

Figure: 3.4 DHT22 Sensor

The DHT22 is a low-cost digital temperature and humidity sensor with a single
wire digital interface. It uses a capacitive humidity sensor and a thermistor to
measure the surrounding air and spits out a digital signal on the data pin.

DIGITAL TEMPERATURE SENSOR:

Figure: 3.5 DS18B20 Sensor

DS18B20 digital temperature sensor works on a single bus and it has 64-bit
ROM to store the serial number of components. These sensors are widely used
in environmental control, temperature detection of building, instrument and
machine and process monitoring and control.
PIR SENSOR:

Figure: 3.6 Passive infrared sensor

A passive infrared sensor (PIR Sensor) is an electronic sensor that measures

infrared (IR) light radiating from objects in its field of view. They are most often
used in PIR based motion detectors.

RAIN DETECTOR SENSOR:

Figure: 3.7 Rain detector sensor

A rain sensor or rain switch is a switching device activated by rain fall. The rain
sensor works on the principle of total internal reflection. The resistance increases
when the sensor is wet and the resistance lower when the sensor is dry.
RELAY MODULE:

Figure: 3.8 Relay module

The relay is the device that open or closes the contacts to cause the operation of
the other electronic control. It detects the undesirable condition with an assigned
area and gives the commands to the circuit breaker to disconnect the affected
area through ON or OFF.

OLED DISPLAY:

Figure: 3.9 0.96-inch OLED display

OLED is an Organic Light Emitting Diode. It is a self-light-emitting technology

composed of a thin, multi-layered organic film placed between an anode and
cathode. In contrast to LCD technology, OLED does not require a backlight.
WATER PUMP MOTOR:

Figure: 3.10 Pump Motor

A water pump is an electromechanical machine used to increase the pressure of

water to move it from one point to another. The water pump works using water
suction method which drain the water through its inlet and released it through
outlet.

BUZZER:

Figure: 3.11 Buzzer

A buzzer is an audio signalling device, which may be mechanical,

electromechanical or piezoelectric. Typically, uses of buzzers include alarm
devices, timers, train and confirmation of user input such as mouse click or
keystroke
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Figure: 3.12 Circuit diagram

Connect the soil moisture sensor to the A0 pin of NodeMCU and DHT22 to the
D4 Pin. DS18B20 temperature sensor to D6 pin. PIR Motion Sensor to D3 pin.
Buzzer to D5 pin and Rain Sensor to D7 Pin of NodeMCU. The motor is
connected to Relay. To control the relay, we use the D0 Pin of NodeMCU.
Connect the OLED display to the I2C pin (D1 & D2 pin) of NodeMCU. You can
power the DS18B20 sensor, PIR Sensor, Water Motor, buzzer, and Relay using
the 5V pin of NodeMCU. The DHT22 Sensor, Capacitive Soil Moisture Sensor,
and OLED Display require a 3.3V Supply only.
4. ADVANTAGES, LIMITATIONS AND APPLICATIONS
ADVANTAGES:

 With the implementation of IoT in agriculture, processes are managed

more effectively in the field.
 From reducing spray wastage to improving fuel economy. By reducing the
number of passes needed to complete tasks and reducing turning on the
headland
 It has the ability to calculate the strong contents of smart irrigation, such
as monitoring water levels in reservoirs; it delivers a wonderful
management system with wireless sensors

DISADVANTAGES:

 farmer needs to have access to crop data reliably at any time from any
location, so connection issues would cause an advanced monitoring
system to be useless.
 Depending on the size of your property, you will need more systems.

 High Cost: Equipment needed to implement IoT in agriculture is

expensive.

APPLICATIONS:

 Smart Farming has enabled farmers to reduce waste and enhance

productivity with the help of sensors (light, humidity, temperature, soil
moisture, etc.) and automation of irrigation systems. Further with the help
of these sensors, farmers can monitor the field conditions from anywhere
 IoT in agriculture uses robots, drones, remote sensors, and computer
imaging combined with continuously progressing machine learning and
analytical tools for monitoring crops, surveying, and mapping the fields,
and providing data to farmers for rational farm management plans to save
both time and money.
5. COST ESTIMATION:

NodeMCU-ESP8266 - 375/-

Soil Moisture Sensor - 100/-

Relay module - 120/-

OLED Display - 175/-

DHT22 - 275/-

PIR sensor - 99/-

DS18B20 - 75/

Water pump motor - 300/-

Rain detector sensor - 115/-

Buzzer - 18/-

TOTAL - 1652/-
5. REFERENCE:

 Dr. Narayan G. Hegde, “Water Scarcity and Security in India”, BAIF

Development ReseachFoundation, Pune [1].
 Csótó, Magyar, “Information flow in agriculture – through new channels
for improved effectiveness”, Journal of Agricultural Informatics 1 (2), 25–
34, 2010 [2].
 IoT based Smart Irrigation Tank Monitoring System Sukriti, Sanyam
Gupta, Indhumathi KB. Tech, Department of Computer Science and
Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology [3].
 Karan Kansara, Vishal Zaveri, Shreyans Shah, Sandip Delwadkar, Kaushal
Jani Sensor based Automated Irrigation System with IOT: A Technical
Review Karan Kansara et al, / (IJCSIT) International Journal of Computer
Science and Information Technologies [4].