Irrigation

What is irrigation?
Irrigation simply means watering the fields.

There are 3 types of irrigation:-

Irrigation

Basin Irrigation Drip Irrigation

Furrow Irrigation
Basin Irrigation
• Basin irrigation is a method of irrigation where a field
is flooded with water, allowing the water to soak into
the soil and water the plants.

• This method is commonly used in scarce

water, as it is an efficient way to water crops.

• Here the field is divided into several checks or

basins throughout the construction of bunds
surrounding the flat areas. This process involves a
uniform layer of water flowing over the soil.

• E.g. rice crops need to be flooded with water .

 Waterlogging • In some crops too much irrigation will result in
waterlogging.

• The extra water does not percolate down through the

soil.

• When the soil is waterlogged, the roots of the plants in the

field cannot breathe and the plants die.

• This can lead to various problems such as damage to

buildings, loss of crops, and disrupted transportation.
d
 Furrow irrigation

Furrow irrigation is a method of applying water at a specific

rate of flow into shallow, evenly-spaced channels.

These small channels convey water down or across the slop

of the field.

Irrigation water in fields of wheat, vegetables, and some

other crops are channeled into furrows.
 Drip Irrigation
• In areas where there is very low rainfall, the modern method of drip irrigation is
used.
• Underground pipes having small holes in them at regular intervals, carry water
directly to the roots of the plants, where it is needed the most.
• This method prevents loss of water through evaporation or flooding. Additionally,
in farm-like areas, the plants may be covered with plastic sheets.
• This prevents the loss of water through transpiration. Water vapour condenses
inside the sheet and falls back on the ground, where the plants can use it.
• Holes in the sheets ensure that plants get enough air and that it does not get too hot
inside the plastic cover.
 Irrigation

Basin Irrigati Drip Irrigation

on Furrow Irrigation
Organic farming
What is organic farming

Organic farming, also known as ecological farming or biological

farming, is an agricultural process by which manures and fertilizers
are made from natural substances like plant and animal waste.
Advantages of organic farming

Economical: In organic farming, no expensive fertilizers, or

pesticides are required for the plantation of crops.
Good Return on Investment: With the usage of cheaper and local
inputs, a farmer can make a good return on investment.
High demand: There is a huge demand for organic products in India
and across the globe
Nutritional: As compared to chemical products, organic products
are more nutritional and good for health.
Environment-friendly: The farming of organic products is free of
chemicals so it does not harm the environment.
Manures
Manure is the decomposed form of dead plants and animals, which is
applied to the soil to increase production.
What is it made up of?
Manures and fertilizers are made up of natural substances like cattle
dung, leaves, farmyard waste, and other natural and biodegradable
domestic waste.
 COMPOS
T
• Compost is defined as a carbon-rich fertilizer derived from organic
materials, including livestock manures, and other organic
materials or mixed materials used to supply nutrients to soils.
Compost is used to improve soil structure through the addition of
carbon and provide plant nutrients.
• Compost improves soil properties, provides nutrients in a stable
organic form, increases plant growth and health, and conserves
water.
 VERMICOMPO
ST

• The compost produced in this green process is

traditionally and popularly used as a natural
fertilizer for enhancing plant growth
• Vermicomposting is a natural process
whereby earthworms convert waste material
with rigid structures into compost
 BIOFERTILI
ZER
• Biofertilizer can be defined as biological products
containing living microorganisms that, when applied to
seed, plant surfaces, or soil, promote growth by
several mechanisms such as increasing the supply of
nutrients
• Nitrogen-fixing bacteria and cyanobacteria are two
typical biofertilizers used in organic farming.
• Biofertilizers improve the soil texture and yield
of plants
 GREEN
MANURE
• Green manures are crops grown specifically
for building and maintaining soil fertility
and structure, though they may also have
other functions. They are normally
incorporated back into the soil, either
directly, or after removal and composting.
• Helps to maintain the organic matter status
of aerable soil.
Sai Krishna PPT
What are Fodder Crops ?

 The crops that are grown to feed the cattles are reffered to as fodder crops.
 Fodder crops are also ploughed back into the soil after harvesting.
 The crops such as – Burseen Which is grown in the northern part of India.
Fertilisers
 Fertilisers are helpful under the topic farming whereas these are produced in the factories.
They are made up of chemical compounds.
 They are being brought in a lesser quantity in order to store and transport it.
 Fertilisers helps supply nutrients to the plants. Some of the nutrients are as follows
 1. Nitrogen
 2. Phosphorus
 3. Potassium
 4. Calcium
 Nitrogenous compounds are commonly used as fertilisers. Example – Urea.
Nitrogen supply

 (NH2)2CO – Urea
 NH4NO3 – Ammonium Nitrate
 NaNO3 – Sodium Nitrate
 These are some compounds of nitrogen tht supplies nitrogen to the crops
Phosphate supply

 Super phosphate and Ammonium phosphate Supply phosphorus.

 (NH4)3PO4
Potassium Supply

 Potassium Nitrate – KNO3

 Potassium sulphate – K2SO3
 Potassium Nitrate and sulphate supply Potassium to the crops.
Done By:-
 Smrithi Shankar
 Akshita
 Srinidhi
 Vikaasinee
 Sai Krishna