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Kothari - Commission

The Kothari Commission was appointed in 1964 to advise the Indian government on national education policies and development. It made recommendations regarding the aims, structure, and financing of education. The commission recommended qualitative and quantitative expansion of education. It emphasized teacher professional development and improving salary scales. It also recommended ensuring equal access to education for women and disadvantaged groups. The commission laid out the curriculum and aims for different stages of education from primary to higher secondary levels. It advocated for free and compulsory primary education, scholarships for disadvantaged students, and increasing access to education for women.

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509 views

Kothari - Commission

The Kothari Commission was appointed in 1964 to advise the Indian government on national education policies and development. It made recommendations regarding the aims, structure, and financing of education. The commission recommended qualitative and quantitative expansion of education. It emphasized teacher professional development and improving salary scales. It also recommended ensuring equal access to education for women and disadvantaged groups. The commission laid out the curriculum and aims for different stages of education from primary to higher secondary levels. It advocated for free and compulsory primary education, scholarships for disadvantaged students, and increasing access to education for women.

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jagannathbbn
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KOTHARI COMMISION

Presented by

Dr. P. SUBRAMANIAN
Assistant Professor
Department of Educational Planning and Administration
Tamil Nadu Teachers Education University
Karapakkam, Chennai – 600 097.
INTRODUCTION
The National Education Commission was
appointed in 1964 and it reported in 1966.
Its chairman was Dr. D. S. Kothari,
Chairman, University Grants Commission.
The terms of reference were to advice
government on national pattern of
education and on the general principles
and policies for the development of
education at all stages and all its aspects.
SALIENT FEATURES OF
KOTHARI COMMISSION
 The recommendations laid down aims of
education – economic, political, emotional,
social, scientific, and personal.
 It recommended qualitative improvements and
quantitative expansion.
 Educational pyramid was to be built from pre-
primary to the university levels.
 Professional preparation of teachers was
considered crucial to the qualitative
improvement of education.
 Salary scales were fixed and improved.
 Curriculum was laid down from pre-primary to
university stages.
 New teaching methods were to be used.
 Guidance and counseling were to be the
integral part of education.
 Recommendations were made to ensure
equality in educational opportunities
between male and female population and
between advanced and backward sections of
society.
 Work experience was recommended for
students at all levels.
NATIONAL AIMS
 Education was to be related to productivity and
national integration.
 It was to strengthen social integration and
consolidate democracy as a form of government
and help the country to adopt it as a way of life.
 It was to hasten the process of modernization.
 It was to strive to build character by activation of
social, moral and spiritual values.
STRUCTURE OF EDUCATION
• It was recommended that the educational pyramid
required division into stages and their
interrelationship,
• the duration of different stages,
• the quality of teachers,
• Curriculum,
• Methods of teaching and evaluation equipment
and building and utilization of available facilities.
STRUCTURE OF PRIMARY
EDUCATION
• Pre-primary education – pre-primary, pre-basic,
kindergarten, Montessori.
• Primary education – class I to VII or I to VIII
which included lower primary classes (I – IV)
or (I to V) in some States, lower primary in
some other states and lower elementary still in
some states.
• Higher primary education – Classes V-VII or VI
– VIII.
LOWER PRIMARY STAGE
(CLASS I – IV)
 One language – the mother tongue or the
regional language
 Mathematics
 Study of environment (covering science and
social studies in class III or IV)
 Creative activities
 Work experience and social service
 Health education
HIGHER PRIMARY STAGE
(CLASS V-VIII)
 Two languages
 Mother tongue or the regional language
 Hindi or English
 A third language (English, Hindi, or the regional language)
might be studied on an optional basis.
 Mathematics
 Science
 Social studies
 Art or craft
 Work experience
 Physical education
 Education in moral and spiritual values
LOWER SECONDARY STAGE
(CLASS IX- X)
 Three languages
 Mathematics
 Science
 History, geography and civics
 Art and craft
 Work experience and social service
 Physical education
 Education in moral and spiritual values
HIGHER SECONDARY STAGE
(CLASS XI – XII)

 Any two languages,  Physics


including any modern  Chemistry
Indian language, any
 Mathematics
modern foreign language
and any classical language  Biology
 An additional language  Geology
 History  Home science
 Geography  Work experience and social
 Economics

services
Logic
 Physical education
 Psychology
  Art or craft
Sociology
 Art  Education in moral and
spiritual values.
 The commission recommended that tuition fees at
the primary level were to be abolished.
 Lower secondary education was to be free before
the end of the fifth plan.
 At primary level, free text books and working
material were to be provided.
 At the primary stage, scholarships were to be
awarded to a needy child
 Education for the scheduled castes was to
be expanded.
 Bold and determined efforts were to be
made for the education of women.
 Work experience might be considered an
innovation of the commission.
CONCLUSION

The commission recommended fewer


holidays, increase in working hours, decrease in
examination days, and home work in long holidays
and self study by using libraries, reading rooms,
laboratories and workshops etc.
REFERENCES
 Dutt, B. & Garg, Jyoti. (2012). Educational
Planning and administration. New Delhi: Global
Publications.
 Mathur, S. S. (1990). Educational administration
and management. India: The Indian Publications.
 Ministry of Education. (1966). Report of the
education commission (1964-66): Education and
national development. New Delhi: Govt. of India.
THANK
YOU

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