Site Works
Group 1
Present By.
Kenneth Patrick Ambulo
Ronald Allan Pineda
Aiclan Mack Octavio
Site Work
The scope of work related to the exterior of the project prepares the land to build
physical structures.
• Surveying
• Grading
• Excavation
• Site Utilities
• Paving
• Concrete work
• Landscaping
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Why do we need to
do site preparation?
To Ensure the design and home owners that
the structure will be a good condition to
build in the site with less worry.
Also we need to make sure its has the
capacity to withstand natural events or
disaster base on the location of the site
itself
Site Clearing
Clearing of the site in preparation of the
construction, removal of grass boulders,
plants, trees.
Earth Work
Any operation involving the excavation or construction of earth embankments.
Any construction made of earth.
• Road construction
• Railway beds,
• Excavation
• Causeways
• Dams
• Levees
• Canals
• Berms
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Earth Works
Fill Materials
Fill Materials - soil, crushed stone, and sand
used to
raise an existing grade, or as a man-made-
deposit;
generally used under footings, pavers, or
concrete slabs
on grade.
Earth Works
Granular Fills / Filters
Soil materials with sand
equivalent of not less than 50%; used to
prevent the
movement of fine particles out of soils and
other natural
materials through which seepage occurs.
Earth Works
Borrow Fill
Selected laboratory-approved pit-run
gravel, disintegrated granite, sand, shale,
cinders or
other similar materials with not more than
35% fraction
passing the No. 200 sieve.
Earth Works
Base Course Materials
Hard durable fragments of stone
and a filler of sand or other finely divided
mineral
matter, free from vegetable matter and
lumps of clay.
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Soil Erosion Prevention
• Maintaining a healthy, perennial plant cover.
• Mulching.
• Placing crushed stone, wood chips, and other
similar materials in heavily used areas where
vegetation is hard to establish and maintain.
MORE
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Soil Erosion Prevention
• Planting a cover crop – such as winter rye in
vegetable gardens. Includes annual grasses,
small grains, legumes and other types of
vegetation planted to provide a temporary
vegetative cover. Cover crops are often tilled
under serving also as a “green manure” crop.
MORE
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Ginyard International Co.
Soil Erosion Prevention
• Placing crushed stone, wood chips, and other
similar materials in heavily used areas where
vegetation is hard to establish and maintain.
• Using other erosion controls that include the use
of geotextile materials or other methods such as
sodding or hydroseeding that result in the
establishment of permanent cover
MORE
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Soil Erosion Prevention
• Addressing problem areas of that get lots of
stormwater runoff. Solutions to these problem
areas include redirecting stormwater and roof
runoff to areas that can settle and dissipate
water, such as a rain garden.
MORE
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Ginyard International Co.
Soil Erosion Prevention
• Planting a cover crop – such as winter rye in
vegetable gardens. Includes annual grasses,
small grains, legumes and other types of
vegetation planted to provide a temporary
vegetative cover. Cover crops are often tilled
under serving also as a “green manure” crop.
MORE
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Termite Proofing
Termite proofing is the treatment given to a building, to control or prevent the termite growth in the building. The termites enter
into buildings through cracks, walls, pipes and floor joints etc. Once termites developed in the building area, it is very difficult
and costly to finish.
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Backfilling
Backfilling is the process of reusing or replacing the soil that is removed during
the excavation of foundations, ground-bearing slabs or other groundworks to
support and strengthen a structure.
6 TYPES OF BACKFILL MATERIALS USED IN CONSTRUCTION
1. COARSE-GRAINED SOILS
2. FINE-GRAINED SOILS OF LOW TO MEDIUM
PLASTICITY
3. ROCK
4. SHALE
5. MARGINAL MATERIALS
6. COMMERCIAL BY-PRODUCTS
MORE
Type of soil
Sandy Soil
• WHERE TO USE
Sandy soils are those that are generally coarse-textured until 50 cm depth and
consequently retain few nutrients and have a low water holding capacity
It is used for plowing, planting, and cultivating. Useful vegetables
like potatoes, grams, tomatoes, etc require a minimum percentage
of soil for a specific period.
• HOW IT AFFECTS
FOUNDATION
Instead of expanding as they absorb moisture and contracting as they
dry out, sandy soils maintain a fairly consistent volume and density.
Because of their stability and good load-bearing qualities, sandy soils
are less likely to shift and settle, so they rarely cause foundation
problems.
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Type of soil
Silt Soil
• WHERE TO USE
Silt is solid, dust-like sediment that water, ice, and wind transport and deposit. Silt is
made up of rock and mineral particles that are larger than clay but smaller than sand.
Moisture-loving plants in particular tend to thrive in silt soil.
Vines, lush grasses and richly colored flowers are some examples
of plants that are especially well-suited for silt soil.
• HOW IT AFFECTS
FOUNDATION
Silty soil can be smooth to the touch and retains water longer because
of its smaller particles. However, because of its tendency to retain
moisture it is cold and drains poorly. This causes the silty soil to
expand, pushing against a foundation and weakening it, making it not
ideal for support
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Type of soil • WHERE TO USE
• Growing. The particle of clay soil is compact in nature hence
it tends to not old enough air which is the basic requirement
Clay soil of many plants. ...
a soil that contains a high percentage of fine particles and colloidal substance and • Construction. Since ancient times, clay soil has been used for
becomes sticky when wet. construction because of its extraordinary properties.
• Ceramics.
• Pottery.
• Medicinal
• HOW IT AFFECTS
FOUNDATION
So-called "expansive clays" can cause foundations to crack, heave
and shift. When clay soils dry out, they shrink and crack, leaving gaps
around a house where water from the next storm can penetrate easily
and repeat the expansion cycle
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Type of soil
Loamy soil
• WHERE TO USE
Loam soils contain sand, silt and clay in such proportions that stickyness and non-
adhesiveness are in balance - so the soils are mouldable but not sticky. Loams are the
Loamy soil is ideal for most garden plants because it holds plenty
"friendliest" soils to cultivate
of moisture but also drains well so that sufficient air can reach the
roots. Many gardeners complain of their garden soil is compacted
and/or poorly drained
• HOW IT AFFECTS
FOUNDATION
Loam is dark in color and soft, dry, and crumbly to the touch. Loam is
great for supporting foundations due to its evenly balanced properties,
especially how it handles moisture in an evened way and will
generally not expand or shrink enough to cause damage.
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