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Network Analysis - Pert & CPM

This document discusses network analysis techniques like PERT and CPM that are used to plan and schedule projects. PERT is used for complex projects with uncertain timelines, while CPM is used for simpler repetitive projects with more certain timelines. It defines common terms used in network analysis like activities, events, critical path, floats. It also explains key aspects of PERT like using three time estimates (optimistic, most likely, pessimistic) to calculate the expected duration and variance of activities. The document provides an overview of how network analysis is applied to project scheduling and management.

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Aryyaka Sarkar
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17 views

Network Analysis - Pert & CPM

This document discusses network analysis techniques like PERT and CPM that are used to plan and schedule projects. PERT is used for complex projects with uncertain timelines, while CPM is used for simpler repetitive projects with more certain timelines. It defines common terms used in network analysis like activities, events, critical path, floats. It also explains key aspects of PERT like using three time estimates (optimistic, most likely, pessimistic) to calculate the expected duration and variance of activities. The document provides an overview of how network analysis is applied to project scheduling and management.

Uploaded by

Aryyaka Sarkar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NETWORK ANALYSIS – PERT

& CPM

S. K. NASKAR
NITTTR- KOLKATA
Network analysis is a technique related to
sequencing. It a system which plans projects, both
large and small, by analyzing the project activities.
Project are broken-down to individual tasks or
activities, which are arranged in logical sequence. It
is also to be decided which tasks will be performed
simultaneously and which others sequentially. A
network diagram is constructed, which presents
visually the relationship between all the activities
involved. Time, costs and other resources are
allocated to different activities.
Commonly used network techniques-

PERT - Programme evaluation and


Review Technique (used for non-repetitive
complex projects where time estimates are uncertain)

CPM – Critical Path Method (used for


repetitive and simple projects where time estimates can be
made with some measure of certainty)
Why PERT & CPM?
To answers to following frequently asked questions:
•When do we expect the project to be completed
•If any activity is delayed, what effect will this have on the
overall completion time of the project
•If there are additional resources available to reduce the time
to perform certain activities,how should they be used
•What are the probability of completing the project by
scheduled date
Commonly used terms-
Event: An event means the start and end of an
activity and it relates to a definite point of time. It
represented by a circle and the event number is
written within the circle.
Activity: Every project consists of number of job
operations or tasks which are called activities. An
activity is shown by arrow and it begins and ends
with an event. An activity is normally given a name
like A, B, C, etc. with time estimate.
Commonly used terms-
Critical activities: Ina network diagram, critical
activities are those which when they consume more
than their estimated time delay the project. An
activity is called critical if its earliest start time plus
time taken by it is equal to the latest finishing time
and it is denoted by thick arrow.
Dummy activities: When two activities start at the
same instant of time, events are joined by a dotted
arrow and this is known as dummy activities.
Commonly used terms-
Critical path: It is that sequence of activities, which
decide the total project duration. Critical path is
formed by critical activities. A critical path consumes
maximum resources. It is the longest path and
consumes maximum time.
Duration: Duration is the estimated or actual time
required to complete a task or an activity.
Commonly used terms-
Total project time: It is time which will be taken to
complete a project and is found from the sequence of
critical activities. In the other word it is the duration
of critical path.
Earliest start time (EST): It is the earliest possible
time at which an activity can start and is calculated
by moving from first to last event in network
diagram.
Commonly used terms-
Earliest finish time (EFT): It is the earliest possible
time at which an activity can finish (EST+duration
of that activity)
Latest finish time (LFT): It is calculated by moving
backward I.e. from last event to first event of the
network diagram.
Latest start time(LS): It is the latest possible time by
which an activity can start (LFT- duration of that
activity)
Commonly used terms-
Float: Duration by which an activity can be delayed
without delaying the project and can be worked out
as either (Lst-Est) or (Lft-Eft) float may be positive
or negative.
PERT- effective technique in handling cases in which
activity duration times are uncertain.
PERT techniques has the following assumptions:

•Three time estimates can be obtained for an activity


(a,m,b)
•Activity time is statistically independent and
follows a “beta” distribution pattern. If we know
three time estimates (a, m, b) for an activity we can
compute mean or expected duration time and the
variance of duration.
a= optimistic time estimate
b= pessimistic time estimate
m= most likely time estimate
a  4m  b
te   time estimate
6
ba
   St. devision
6
 2  Variance
Probability

a m b
Activity time
Beta Distribution
Thank you

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