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Topics 4th Quarter

The document discusses key concepts in physics including: 1) How ancient Greek astronomers knew the Earth was spherical through observations of astronomical phenomena like lunar eclipses. 2) How Tycho Brahe's extensive astronomical observations laid the groundwork for Kepler's laws of planetary motion. 3) How Galileo used experiments with falling objects to show that all objects fall at the same rate, regardless of mass. 4) How Einstein's theory of special relativity resolved conflicts between Newtonian mechanics and electromagnetism by establishing space and time as interwoven. 5) How observations provide evidence that the universe began in a hot, dense state nearly 14 billion years ago and has been expanding ever since.

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29 views5 pages

Topics 4th Quarter

The document discusses key concepts in physics including: 1) How ancient Greek astronomers knew the Earth was spherical through observations of astronomical phenomena like lunar eclipses. 2) How Tycho Brahe's extensive astronomical observations laid the groundwork for Kepler's laws of planetary motion. 3) How Galileo used experiments with falling objects to show that all objects fall at the same rate, regardless of mass. 4) How Einstein's theory of special relativity resolved conflicts between Newtonian mechanics and electromagnetism by establishing space and time as interwoven. 5) How observations provide evidence that the universe began in a hot, dense state nearly 14 billion years ago and has been expanding ever since.

Uploaded by

jpiring
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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• Explain how the Greeks knew that the Earth is spherical

• Cite examples of astronomical phenomena known to


astronomers before the advent of telescopes
• Explain how Brahe's innovations and extensive collection of data
in observation astronomy paved the way for Kepler's discovery of
his laws of planetary motion
• Compare and contrast the Aristotelian and Galilean conceptions of
vertical motion, horizontal motion, and projectile motion
• Explain how Galileo inferred that objects in vacuum, fall with
uniform acceleration, and that force is not necessary to sustain
horizontal motion
• Explain the subtle distinction between Newton's 1st Law of
Motion and Galileo's assertion that force is not necessary to
sustain horizontal motion
• Describe how the propagation of light, reflection and refraction
are explained by the wave model and the particle model of light
• Explain how the photon concept and the fact that the energy of a
photon is directly proportional to its frequency can be used to
explain why red light is used in photographic dark rooms, why we
get easily sunburned in ultraviolet light but not in visible light, and
how we see colors
• Cite experimental evidence showing that electrons can behave like
waves
• Differentiate dispersion, scattering, interference and diffraction
• explain various light phenomena such as:
a. your reflection on the concave and convex sides of a spoon looks different
b. mirages
c. light from a red laser passes more easily though red cellophane than green cellophane
d. clothing of certain colors appear different in artificial light and in sunlight
e. haloes, sundogs, primary rainbows, secondary rainbows, and supernumerary bows
f. why clouds are usually white and rainclouds dark
g. why the sky is blue and sunsets are reddish
• Describe how Hertz produced radio pulses
• Explain how special relativity resolved the conflict between Newtonian mechanics and
Maxwell’s electromagnetic theory
• Explain the consequences of the postulates of Special Relativity (e.g., relativity of
simultaneity, time dilation, length contraction, mass
• Explain the consequences of the postulates of General Relativity
(e.g., correct predictions of shifts in the orbit of Mercury,
gravitational bending of light, and black holes)
• Explain how the speeds and distances of far-off objects are
estimated (e.g., doppler effect and cosmic distance ladder)
• Explain how we know that we live in an expanding universe,
which used to be hot and is approximately 14billion years old

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