CHAPTER 1: CELLS
1.1 Plant cells
1.2 Animal cells
1.3 Specialised cells
1.4 Cells, tissues and organs
1.1 CELLS
These are called cells. All living
What is this?
organisms are made of cells.
Animal and plant cells come in different shapes
and sizes, but they all have three basic features.
Plant cellcell
animal plant cell
nucleus
cytoplasm
cell membrane
Plant cells also have some extra features that make them
different to animal cells.
Animal cells
Animal cells are similar to plant cells in several ways. They have a cell
membrane, cytoplasm and a nucleus.
Parts of a plant cell
Parts of a cell
Parts of a cell
Parts of a cell
Parts of a cell
Parts of a cell
Parts of a cell
Parts of a cell
Are these cell parts found only in animal cells,
only in plant cells or in both?
CELL PART ANIMAL CELL PLANT CELL
Cell wall X V
Cell membrane V V
Nucleus V V
Vacuole X V
Cytoplasm V V
Chloroplast X V
Mitochondrion V V
Microscopes
Scientists who study living organisms often use microscopes to help them
to see very small
1.3 Some specialised animal cells
Red blood cells are smaller than most other cells.
This allows them to get through tiny blood capillaries, so
they can deliver oxygen to every part of the body. The
cytoplasm contains a red pigment (colour) called
haemoglobin. This carries oxygen around the body. The
cell has no nucleus.
1.3 Some specialised animal cells
Some specialised animal cells
Neurones carry electrical signals from one part of the body to another. They help
all the different parts of the body to communicate with each other.
The axon is a very long strand of cytoplasm. Electrical signals can travel along this
very quickly.
Dendrites are short strands of cytoplasm
that collect electrical signals from other
nearby nerve cells.
Some specialised
animal cells
Some specialised animal cells
Ciliated cells have tiny threads along one edge, like microscopic
hairs. These are called cilia. The cilia can move.
Other cells in this lining make a sticky substance called mucus.
When you breathe in, the mucus traps dust and bacteria in the air, to stop them going into
your lungs. The cilia sweep the mucus up to the back of your mouth and you swallow it
Some specialised plant cells
Root hair cells are found on the outside of plant roots.
Their function is to absorb (soak up) water from the soil.
Each cell has a long, thin extension that allows water to move easily
from the soil into the cell
Some specialised plant cells
Palisade cells are found in the leaves of plants. Their
function is to make food by photosynthesis.
They have a lot of chloroplasts containing chlorophyll.
Naming type of the cells that correspond to each picture
Ciliated cell
Red blood cell
Palisade cell
Nerve cell Root hair cell
1.4 Cells, tissues and organs
TISSUES: A group of similar cells, which all work together to carry out a particular
function, is called a tissue.
How is the body organized?
Living things are made up of organized systems.
Each specific cell is grouped with cells similar in structure
and function to form a tissue.
cells tissue
Examples of tissue
Animal tissues Plant tissues
muscle mesophyll
bone phloem
xylem
liver
skin
lung
Can you think of any more types of tissue?
1.4 Cells, tissues and organs
This is a diagram of ciliated epithelium – the tissue that lines the tubes leading down to
our lungs. The cilia all wave together, like grass in the wind
1.4 Cells, tissues and organs
ORGANS AND ORGAN SYSTEM:
The bodies contain many different
parts, called organs.
Each organ is made up of several
different kind of tissue working
together
Organs also work together. A set of organs that all work together to carry out the same
function is called an organ system
How is the body organized?
Cells are the Groups of cells Groups of tissues
basic units of work together work together to
life. to form tissues. form organs.
cell tissue organ
Fill in the blank
tissue
organ
organ system
Summary
Part of cells Specialized cell Body organized
Cell wall Red blood cell Cell
Cell membrane Root hair cell Tissue
Nucleus Palisade cell Organ
Vacuole Nerve cell Organ system
Cytoplasm Ciliated cell
Chloroplast
Mitochondrion
