Jimma University

College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine

Department of Rural Development And Agricultural Extension

Action Research Report

POPULARIZATION OF IMPROVED FABA BEAN
PRODUCTION, VALUE ADDITION AND MARKETING IN
LOYA MALOLE KEBELE, HABABO GUDURU WOREDA,
HORO GUDURU WOLLEGA ZONE.
BY :ADISU FILE

Advisor: Martha H/Mariam ([Link])

Feb, 2024
1
Jimma, Ethiopia
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Presentation outline

1. Introduction
2. Research Methodology
3. Result And Discussion
4. Deliverables
5. Conclusion
6. Recommendation
7. Record Keeping During Implementation Of
Action Research Activity

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1. Introduction
 Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is one of the best crops among the grain legume
(Singh et al., 2013).
 World Faba bean growing area is concentrated in nine different agro
ecological regions including Ethiopia, Central and East Asia, According to
FAOSTAT (2015).
 In Ethiopia the production of faba bean is totally rain fed on nitosols and
cambisol type of soils (Gemechu and Mussa, 2002)
 It is grown in the highlands (1800–3000 m.a.s.l).
 Faba bean has an important pulse in the Ethiopian for export and nutritional
diet and is consumed in various forms for its high protein content (CSA,

3 2017).

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Cont…
 Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is one of the best crops among the grain legume
(Singh et al., 2013).
 World Faba bean growing area is concentrated in nine different agro
ecological regions including Ethiopia, Central and East Asia, According to
FAOSTAT (2015).
 In Ethiopia the production of faba bean is totally rain fed on nitosols and
cambisol type of soils (Gemechu and Mussa, 2002)
 It is grown in the highlands (1800–3000 m.a.s.l).
 Faba bean has an important pulse in the Ethiopian for export and nutritional
diet and is consumed in various forms for its high protein content (CSA,
2017).
4

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Cont.…

 limited or no use of inorganic fertilizers (Asfaw et al. 2011) and the newly
emerged faba bean gall disease (Anteneh et al. 2018) might have been the
most important factors.
 According to ATA (2011), the use of improved seeds increases productivity
by 50%.
 This shows that farmers have to use improved variety faba bean seeds to
increase the productivity and production of the crop.
 Therefore, this study was intended to increase the production of improved
faba bean in the kebele particularly for the selected respondents by
employing full agronomic activities and understand the value chain and
5 marketing channels and options.

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1.1. Statement of the Problem

 The productivity of faba bean is far below the potential and is constrained by
several limiting factors (Yohannes D. Faba bean (Viciafaba) in Ethiopia. Vol.
43. 2000).
 It was also mentioned that the productivity of faba bean is far below the
expected potential due to
 low input usage, natural disasters like a snow storm, depletion of macronutrients
from cultivable land, and unavailability of essential nutrients(shiferaw D, Diriba
M, Gezahegn B.2013;) .
 There are also other limiting factors of fababean production like climatic
conditions, edaphic factors, disease problems, and agronomic practices (National
6 Planning Commission; 2016.)

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Cont.…

Ethiopia is currently the world’s second largest producer of faba bean and the
fourth largest country exporting faba bean next to France, Australia, and the
United Kingdom (FAOSTAT, 2017).
The major factors that are usually mentioned for the low yield of faba bean in
Ethiopia include climatic, edaphic, biotic (diseases, pests and weeds) factors,
and poor agronomic practices (Anteneh et al. 2018).
As a result, despite large area coverage and known pulse crop in the study
area faba bean production, value addition and marketing are still low due to
several known and unknown reasons.
7

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Cont.…

 According to the data obtained from the kebele development center and
project area during the previous years (2020/21 and 2021/22 cropping
season), there exists the low yield (13-17 qt/ha) of different improved faba
bean varieties in the project area.
 Because, of the major cause problems such as
 shortage of improved seed variety,
 decreasing of crop productivity per hectare due to poor land preparation,
 poor seed sowing method and time,
 poor management practices (such as weeding in time, hoeing, controlling
pests and disease etc) due to lack of farmers awareness and
 lack of using agricultural technology program accordingly.

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Cont.…

 Others related problems are

 lack of finance to buy inputs on time,
 Lack of awareness on product value addition and its marketing,
 Shortage of good storage and awareness of storing for long time.

 So as a solution to existing low yield using appropriate agronomic

management with row sowing through farmers group discussion method in
order to improve cultural once and
 To increase faba bean production 23 to 30qt//ha through promotion of
appropriate improved faba bean variety in the study area.
9

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1.3 Prioritization of the problem

Table 1: Prioritization of problems

No Problem observed Target farmers’ % Rank

MHH FHH Total(40
(26) (3) )
1 low utilization of improved varieties 25 2 27 93.1 1
(lack of supply, low extension service,
etc)
2 Lack of skill and knowledge on most 24 2 26 89.6 2
agronomic practices (seed rate, method 5
of sowing, etc)
3 Lack of knowledge and practice on 24 1 25 86.2 3
fertilizer application
4 Marketing problem (price, time and 20 1 21 72.4 4
place) 1
5 Own on
Lack of awareness source
value(2024)
chain 19 1 20 68.9 5
10 activities 6

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1.4 Objective

1. General Objective
 popularization of Improved Faba Bean Production, Value Addition and
Marketing in Loya Malole kebele, Hababo Guduru Woreda, Horo Guduru
Wollega Zone.
2. Development Objectives
 Production Objectives
 To increase the production of faba bean yields from 23 to 30 qt/ha among
29 farmers in Loya Malole kebele, in year 2023.

11

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Cont…

 Value chain objectives

 To give advice for 29 households on how to prepare grinded faba bean
grains (baltena)in years 2023
 Marketing objectives
 To create market linkage (lines) for 29 farmers with cooperative
organizations in the study area.
 Learning Objective
 To evaluate the effectiveness of participatory training and demonstration
on the promotions and demonstration method of improved faba bean
12 production value chain and marketing activitiesamong 29 target farmers.

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1.5. Significance of the study

 The study has various importance's for different stakeholders like; such as
Government, research, expert etc.
 It used for reviewing the rules and regulations of provision of faba bean
production to solve marketing and value addition problems and used as input for
improvement
 To provide information on the specific knowledge related to improvement in
yield and marketing helps the community in identifying the most critical
opportunity and constraints of faba bean production in their area.
 Helps to identify the production potential of the community of the area and helps
in adoption of the technology.
 It has advantages for extension worker to disseminate the technology easily.
13

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2. Research Methodology
3.1. Description of The study Area
 Loya Malole kebele was located in Hababo Guduru Wereda, Horo Guduru
wellega zone of Oromia Regional State.
 It was fell under dega agro ecological range with annual average rainfall of
approximately 1500 mm and average annual temperature of 17 oC.
 Majority of the soil type is loam.
 From a total of 1482 ha of farm land covered by different crops, about 196 ha
of land was covered by faba bean in the 2020/21 cropping season in the
kebele (HGWANRO 2023).
14

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3.2. Sampling size and sampling technique

 Two stage sampling procedure was used in the study.

 In the first stage Loya Malo lekebele was selected purposively; as the
researchers was frontline extension workers in the kebele and the area have
high potential for faba bean production.
 The total farmer is 573, House hold, faba bean producers (202) which mean
189 men and13 women’s. In the second stage about (66) target farmers was
selected by using simple random sampling techniques.
 Later on, due to time and budget constraints only 29 household farmers was
selected and taken as representative sample size.
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 The sample size was determined using Slovin’s formula as follows:

202/3.02 = 66

Where, n = sample size, N= total population and e = error at 10%

Thus, using the above formula, the sample size was 66 farmers.

But due to budget and time constraints which was difficult for the researcher to
cover, about 29 farmers was selected purposively based farmer farm size
(potential).
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2.2. Data Source and Method of Data Collection

1. Primary Data Source

 The primary data was collected directly from its sources (target groups’
demo plot) from 29 households, DA’s and other farmers in the area and
direct observation by the researcher
2. Secondary Data Source
 Secondary data sources utilized were documents from Woreda agricultural
office, data collected from exiting documents, different reports and other
related institutions in the Kebele.
 These data were collected mainly through reviewing.
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Cont.…
3. Methods of Data Collection
 Quantitative data was collected through measurement and observation
where as Qualitative data was collected through Discussion with
individual farmers.

3.4 Method of Data Analysis.

 Quantitative data were analysed with quantifiable variables that can be
collected in the form of figures, numbers, by using descriptive statics
such as percentage, frequency distribution and tables.
 Qualitative data was analysed using content analysis and narrative
18 approach and stated.

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2.5 Research Design

Objective Specific data required Source of Method of data Method of Data
Data collection analysis
Production objective Knowledge on 29 HH Oral test Descriptive
To Increase the  Faba bean variety M-26 statistics
production of faba bean  Planting space F -3
Variety 23 to 30 /ha on  Seed rate
29 farmers.  Fertilizer rate
 Storing
 Trashing
 Marketing
 Transportation
 Handling
 Fertilizers apply.

Marketing objective Application on 29HH Observational Descriptive

To create market linkage  Marketing M-26 test Statistics
(lines) for 29 farmers  Transportation F- 3
with cooperative  Handling
organizations in the  Storage
study area.  Time
 Place
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Cont.…

Value addition  grading 29HH Discussion Analysis

objective  Handling M-26 With description
To reduce post-harvest  Grinding. F- 3 individual statistics
loss of faba bean through  value addition farmers
harvesting, storage for 29  packing
participating farmers in
the year 2023.
Learning objective Grower= Interview with Descriptive
To identify the  Field demonstration 29 face to face statics
effectiveness of field  Farmers field school M -26 Observation
demonstration, farmers,  broacher F- 3 directly on
broachers on improved farm area
faba bean production
among 29 farmers in year
20
2023

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2.6. Materials, inputs and Mechanisms for
project implementation
3.6.1 Materials and inputs
 Some of proposed materials and inputs were used for popularization of faba
bean production; value chain and marketing were described in the table
below
No Materials and/or inputs Unit Amount Source
1 Improved faba bean seed Kg 160 HGWANRO
(Degaga)
2 Fertilizer (NPSB+UREA) Kg 80+40 HGWANRO
3 Land Hek 2 Farmers
4 human labour PD 80 Farmers
5 Oxen and ploughing LS 40 Farmers
materials
6 Training materials and LS 3 HGWANRO and
logistics researcher
7 Storage construction LS 40 HGWANRO and
materials farmers
21

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2.6.2. Mechanism of project implementation

 The project was implemented to improve the prioritized and ranked problems
or predefined objectives and follows the following steps.
1. Giving technical training on improved faba bean production, value chain and
marketing
2. Supply of seed and fertilizer
3. Sowing on demo plots with contacted farmers
4. Crop protection against weeds and diseases or pests
5. Performing weeding and inspection
6. Conducting field day on all demo plots
7. Giving training on harvesting and postharvest management (value chain and
marketing)
8. Harvesting
9. Improvement/construction of improved storage facility
10. Creating market linkage.
22

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2.7. Implementation of the project

 Conducting Training
 Training is about extending and developing individuals capabilities (attitude)
for better performance in their job.
 The conducted training has:-
 Importance and objectives of project.
 Land preparation
 Way of sowing or planting (time, spacing, amount of fertilizer used, seed
rate)
 Management system: -
weed control
urea application
harvesting time
storage system
23 The way of reducing postharvest loss.

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Cont.…
 Use of Improved Seed
 A good crop stand and establishment depends on the quality of seeds planted
and the conditions under which the seeds were plant.
 Quality parameters of seed are
 purity (pure both genetically and physically),
 viability (high germination percentage),
 healthy (free from pathogens, insect pests),
 vigorously (high potential for rapid and uniform emergence) and
 wholesomeness (should not be easily broken and deformed).
 These are the points, which discussed with the farmers.
 Improved faba bean (Degaga) variety seed and fertilizer which were
supported by Hababo Guduru woreda agricultural office for action research
implementation were distributed to farmers from May 20-21/2023.
24

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 Land preparation
 Land preparation method that incorporates organic matter into the soil
increases aeration through burrowing and decomposition activities of soil
organisms (Mac Robert et al., 2007).

Figure 1 land preparation

 Sowing
 Most of field crops including pulse crops are directly sown in the field. The
demonstration plots were sown from June 28 – July 10/2023 directly in the
field using recommended spacing.
 The spacing for sowing was 40cm between rows and 10cm between plants.

25
Figure 1 sowing seed.

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 weeding
 Successful cultivation of faba bean depends largely on the efficiency of weed
control.
 Weeding twice suppresses weed growth; increases yield and maximizes profit
in faba bean production.
 Therefore, first weeding or hoeing was done after two weeks of planting and
the second was after ten days of the first weeding.
Figure 1 weeding

 Monitoring and follow up

 Follow up or round visit method is one of the individual extension methods
which is done to follow-up and inspect each individual farmer how to do the
recommended practices step by step for the purpose of teaching new
technology.

26
Figure 1 follow of monitoring

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Cont..

 Harvesting
 Harvesting refers to the collecting of economically important part of the crop
plant either manually using hand and/or hand operating machines or
combiner harvester.
 In this project implementation, participated farmers have used manual
method to harvest and thresh the crop.

27

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2.8. Extension Methods Used

A. Individual extension method
B. Group extension method
C. Field Day
 The field days give farmers a chance to showcase their
achievements, such as field experiments, best practice
to others.
Field day was conducted to accomplish the following objectives:-
 To learn from the successes and good practices of other farmers
 To get new ideas and new solutions to production and marketing

 To discuss these ideas with other farmers and stakeholders

Figure 1 field days
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3. RESULT AND DISCUSSION

3.1. Characteristics of target farmers
1. Age and sex of respondents
Age Frequency Percent
Male Female Total Male Female Total
25-40 7 2 9 27 66.66 31.03
41-52 16 1 17 61.5 33.33 58.62
Above 52 years old 3 - 3 11.5 - 10.35
Total 26 3 29 100 100 100
 Education level of Respondents
Education Frequency %
Not have formal education 3 10.35%
Adult education 6 20.70%
Elementary 16 55.1.7%
Junior high school 3 10.35%
29 Twelve complete 1 5.26%
Total 29 100%

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Land holding of the respondents

Land size of target
famers(ha) Frequency Percentage

Less than 2 hectares 9 31.03%

Greater than 2
16 55.17%
hectares

5-6hectares 4 13.79%
Above 0 0%
30

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4.2. Development Objective Result and Discussion

 4.2.1 Production
Measuring objectives
point on farmers Before training After training
MHH FHH Total % MHH FHH Total %
 The objective this research26 is to
3 increase
29 faba
100 bean26variety3(Degaga)
29 100
productivity
Knowledge from current
on improved seed 8 production
1 9 23/ha31.03
to 30qt/ha
23 among 2 2925target86.2
farmers
variety (faba in the kebele is one of the goal of action research.
bean)
Knowledge on spacing 6 1 7 27.58 25 2 27 93.1
 According to on farm field trails the 9average production was 29.605 qt/ha
Knowledge on fertilizer rate 8 1 31.03 26 2 28 96.55
(1.85qt/plot) which were ensured by using appropriate agronomic practices.
Seed rate 8 2 10 34.48 26 3 29 100
 4.2.2 Learning
Knowledge on objectives
6 1 7 24.13 26 2 28 86.2
sowing/planting
 At the end
Knowledge of all
on weed training,
control 14 evaluation
2 has been
16 55.17conducted
26 to3 test the
29 100
knowledge
Knowledge and skill that16participant
on harvesting 1 acquire58.62
17 from training
25 2which27 they do
93.1
andnot know before.
threshing
Knowledge on storing 7 2 9 31.03 26 2 28 96.55
 Evaluation was also carried out at different time of program implementation
31 on how they have acquired the necessary technical
Average 36.63 operation that required
93.96
for faba bean production.
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3.2.3 Value addition and Marketing objectives

 Value addition means the entire system of production, processing and
marketing of a particular product, from the inception to the final product
through the value chain actors.
 It includes all the activities starting from seed supply until the consumers
use the crop.
 When the above agronomic practices have been conducted properly easily
we can add a value to our products.
 In order to improve marketing system for the product, training or
awareness creation was provided to the target farmers how to cooperate,
 when to sell or at the price becomes high and direct contact with the users,
 while convectional extension method they consider only production, so
market information is important to farmers in addition to production
increment.
32

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4. DELIVERABLES
4.1 Project Outputs
 Any benefit was seen regarding in its cost and benefit for the sustainability of
project, the project’s cost and benefit was done at starting up to the final
stage. The cost of each management was recorded, that is 37,000 birr per
hectare. The general cost of the whole plots was 74,000 Birr
Gross Income = (Yield Produced*Price /Qt)
 Net income= gross income – total cost
= 29.21qt *7200 birr = 210312
= 210312 – 74,000= 136,312 birr
Benefit gained from this project was= 136,312 birr
 Therefore, each target farmer can obtain the net profit 4,259.75 birr from
33 0.0625 ha.

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4.2 Project Outcomes

Media No Key Messages
 Farmers were developed their knowledge and skill from the project.
Farmers group 2 Experiences sharing and decision making about faba bean
 This was
discussion assured after theproduction,
outcomeproduct
of thevalue
project implementation.
addition and marketing.

Community field days Improved faba bean variety production on different farmers’
 Thus, it has a vital role in their attitudinal change and benefited in their
1 field was shown to farmers and the discussed on the difference
livelihood such as home consumption,
of technology increased
from the local [Link], reducing of
household debt etc. Compare and contrast the new technology and the existing
Demonstration 1 traditional practice to introduce the improved ones.
5.3 Knowledge Dissemination Used
Training of target 2days Change the knowledge and skills of participants on land
farmers preparation, sowing and the whole agronomic practice

34
Table 12 Knowledge Dissemination

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5. CONCLUSION
 Several production constraints were identified as hindrance for faba bean
production and productivity enhancement during the need assessment.
 The major constraints include soil fertility decline, inadequate adoption of
the existing improved varieties, limited number of high yielding and farmer
preferred varieties.
 Low purchasing power and limited use of fertilizer and other agro inputs
such as agro chemicals and seed, ineffective seed systems, lack of markets
and poor market information , limited availability of storage, threshing and
processing equipment and other value addition technologies are also another
major bottlenecks for production.
 After project implementation, the farmers were interested to accept and adopt
new technology if the supply problems could be solved.
 The research results indicated that improved faba bean (Degaga) is found to
be best suited to ecology, and actual yield was obtained 29.605qt/hek which
35
is by far greater than local practices were achieved in demonstration site.

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cont.….
 Thus, knowledge and skill of target farmers about the introduced technology
was increased.
 Particularly, the technology introduced paved ways in which farmers can
improve their productivity.
 Conventional extension system which focuses only in production system
were major problems and assessment made after effective demonstration also
indicated increment in farmers effectiveness in both in practice and
knowledge.
 In addition to these, awareness on marketing opportunity in terms of time
and place, storage methods to reduce production losses were achieved
through this research.
 So, farmers gained ample knowledge improvement and they can adopt
agricultural technological which sustain and improve their living standards
and wellbeing of farmers.
36

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6. RECOMMENDATION

 Attention is needed in the timely supply of fertilizers and seeds to encourage

farmers to use improved technology.
 Value addition and marketing information should be integral part of every
extension activities at grassroots level.
 Farmers should follow key recommendations (Agronomic practices; seed
rate, type of fertilizer and rate of application.
 Taking into account the challenges that face the production of faba bean and
the opportunities that exist for the development and expansion, it will have
the potential for increasing productivity, creating impact and improving the
37 livelihood of smallholder farmers.

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Cont.…

 Maintain and strengthen the development of new, well-adapted faba bean

with high yield potential and the genetic capacity to withstand major
production problems.
 Improving the efficiency and effectiveness of seed production and delivery
systems is critical for enabling the uptake of improved variety by smallholder
farmers.
 Raising awareness of new technologies, both with farmers and with those
with mandate and/or incentive to provide farmers with access to
technologies. Stimulated demand from farmers will create market
38 opportunities for suppliers, particularly for improved seed and input services.

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Cont.…

 Linkage should be formed with market and producers’ to reduce local traders
who reduce the benefit of farmers from their products.
 Formulate strong technology delivery programs and systems that ensure
timely, accurate and location-specific information required by smallholder

farmers for their decision-making process.

39

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[Link] Keeping During Implementation of
Action Research Activity
N Strategy/ activity in 2022

Apr
Feb

Sep
.Oct
Jun
Jan

Ma

Ma

Au

No
Jul

De
o

g.

c.
v.
r.

y
.

.
1 Training on faba bean 
production, value addition
and marketing
2 Land preparation   
3 Supply of improved faba  
bean material & fertilizers
4 sowing of faba bean 
5 Supervision and advocacy
6 Data collection   
7 Report writing 
8 Community field days
10 Harvesting, threshing and
storing

40

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The End

Thank
41 You!!!
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