MEASUREMENT

• Recap: Measurement Concepts

• Prisms
• Cylinders
• Scale Factors
• Spheres
• Pyramids
• Cones

Recap: Perimeter and Are Building a 3-D Space

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 RECAP: MEASUREMENT
CONCEPTS

Recap: Perimeter and Are

a
Building a 3-D Space

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 PRISMS
Total Surface Area
TSA = (L x B) + (L x B) + (L x H) + (L x H) + (B x H) + (B x H)
= 2LB + 2LH + 2BH

Sum the areas of the panels of the rectangle to get the total surface
area

Volume
= (L x B x H)

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 Example
(a) Calculate the surface area and volume of the
rectangular prism if it is closed on all sides. l = 8cm; b
= 3cm ; h = 4cm
Surface Area = 2LB + 2LH + 2BH
Surface Area = 2(8) (3) + 2(8) (4) + 2(3) (4)
Surface Area = 48+64+24
Surface Area = 136 cm²

(b) Calculate the surface area if the prism is open on top.

Surface Area = LB + 2LH + 2BH (TOP MISSING)

Surface Area = (8) (3) + 2(8) (4) + 2(3) (4)
Surface Area = 112 cm² Volume & Surf
ace Area of a R
ight Prism
Challenge! Diagonal Length of a Rectangular Prism 4
 EXERCISE
Calculate the surface area and volume of a rectangular
prism in each of the following cases.

(a) the prism is closed and the dimensions are:

Length = 13 cm. Breadth = 6 cm and Height = 9 cm
(b) the prism is closed and the dimensions are:
Length = 12 m, Breadth = 5 m and Height = 7 m
(c) the prism is open on top and the dimensions are:
Length = 13 cm, Breadth = 6 cm and Height = 9 cm
(d) the prism is open on top and the dimensions are:
Length = 12 m, Breadth = 5 m and Height = 1 m

Volume of Triangular Prisms 5

 CYLINDERS
The Radius of a Circle Circumference of a Circle

Total Surface Area

TSA  2r  2rh 2

A Cylinder & its Net

Proof: Curved Surface of a Cylinder = Rectangle

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Volume

V  r  h 2

Volume & Surface Area of a C

ylinder Example

Calculate the Surface Area & Volume of Cylinder

s
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 Example
Given a cylinder with r = 4cm and h = 6m:
(a) Calculate the surface area of the cylinder
assuming a closed cylinder TSA  2r 2  2rh
TSA  32  48
TSA  (80 )cm 2
(b) Calculate the surface area of the cylinder
assuming an open-topped cylinder
TSA  r 2  2rh
TSA   ( 4) 2  2 ( 4)(6)
(c) Calculate the volume of the cylinder TSA  16  48
TSA  (64 )cm 2

V  r 2 h
V   ( 4) 2 ( 6)
V  (96 )cm3 8
 EXERCISE
Calculate the surface area and volume of a cylinder in
each of the following cases:
(a) the cylinder is closed and the dimensions are:
radius = 5 cm and height = 3 cm.
(b) the cylinder is closed and the diameter = 12 cm
and the height = 7 cm.
(c) the cylinder is open and the dimensions are:
radius = 15 cm and height = 8 mm.
(d) the cylinder is open and the diameter = 4 cm
and the height = cm.

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 SCALE FACTORS
 It sometimes happens that the dimensions of the prism
are changed.

 For example, the length, breadth and height might be

doubled.

 The surface area and volume will then obviously be

different from the original prism.

 The number which is multiplied by each dimension is

called a scale factor.

Enlarge the triangle by a scale factor of 3

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Example
Ifthe length is x units and the
breadth is y units, then the area of
the rectangle is:
A = xy
Ifwe now double the length and the
breadth (multiply length and breadth
by a scale factor of 2), then the area
of the rectangle will change to:
A = (2x)(2y)
A = (2)(2)xy
A = 4xy
Therefore the new area is 4 times
the original area.
Finding the New Enla
rged Area
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Note:
In general if the length and breath of a
rectangle is multiplied by a scale factor
of k units then the area of the rectangle
will have been multiplied by k squared.
The new area is k squared times the
original area.

Scale Factors and Are

a

Fractional Scale Factor Enlargements

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 Example
Calculate the surface area and
volume of the rectangular prism
if the length, breadth and height
are multiplied by a scale factor
of 5 units.

Surface Area = 2(5L)(5B) + 2(5L)(5H) + 2(5B)(5H)

Surface Area = 2(5 x 8)(5 x 3) + 2(5 x 8)(5 x 4) +
2(5 x 3)(5 x 4)
Surface Area = 3400 cm²
Volume = (5L)(5B)(5H)
Volume = (5 x 8)(5 x 3)(5 x 4)
Volume = 12000 cm³

Therefore the new surface area is 5 x 5 times

greater than the original surface area.
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3

Note:
If the length, breadth and height are multiplied by a scale
factor of k units, then:

 Surface Area = 2(kL)(kB) + 2(kL)(kH) + 2(kB)(kH)

Surface Area = k [2LB + 2LH + 2BH]

 Volume = (k L) (k B) (k H)
Volume = k [LBH]

In general if the length, breadth and height of a

Rectangular prism are multiplied by a scale factor of k
units then the

 surface area will be multiplied by k squared

 volume will be multiplied by k cubed.
Identify the Scale Factor of Enlargement for each Circle 14
 EXERCISE
Consider the cylinder with the given dimensions:
r = 3cm ; h = 6cm.

(a) Calculate the surface area if the radius is doubled.

(b) Calculate the surface area if the radius is multiplied

by 4cm.

(c) Calculate the surface area if the height is trebled.

(d) Calculate the volume if the radius is doubled.

(e) Calculate the volume if the radius is halved. 15

Challenge!

Some Fun with Shapes: An Impossible Fork!

Area, Circumference & Volume Problems

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 SPHERES

 Surface area = 4 Πr2

4 r 3
 Volume =
3
r is the radius
Volume of a Sphere Example

Calculate the Surface Area & Volume of Sphere

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 PYRAMIDS

 Slant edges

 Slant height

 Perpendicular height

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Surface Area =area of base
+ ½ (perimeter of base) x slant height

Volume = 1/3 area of base

x perp height
Calculate the SA & Volume
of a Square Pyramid
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 CONES
TSA = area of base + area of curved surface
=Πr2 + Πrs
(s is slant height)

Volume = 1/3 ( area of base ) x ht

= 1 / 3 Π r2h

Calculate the Volume of the Cone

Recap: Identify the Shapes

Calculating the Height of a Cone
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