Name :Haris latif
Class :B's nursing
Section :B
Student id :15744
Assignment no:2
Software and its types
Computer assignment
Difference between hardware and software
Hardware
Hardware refers to the external and internal devices and equipment that enable you to perform major functions
such as input, output, storage, communication, processing, and more. Software software is a set of instructions,
data or programs used to operate computers and execute specific tasks
Difference between ROM AND RAM
RAM (random access memory) ROM (random operating memory )
• RAM is high-speed, volatile • ROM, on the other hand, is non-
memory used to store and process volatile memory used to store
temporary data . lasting data like firmware.
• High-speed data access • slower access
• more storage capacity • lower storage capacity
• volatile and expensive • Non-volatile
• Examples: It is used as CPU Cache, • Examples: It is used as Firmware
Primary Memory in a computer. by microcontrollers.
TYPES OF SOFTWARES
• Software refers to a collection of programs, instructions, and data that tell
a computer how to perform specific tasks. It includes applications,
operating systems, and other programs that enable a computer to function.
Software provides the instructions and tools to process and manipulate
data.
• System Software
• Application Software
• Educational software
• Entertainment software
• Open-source Software and
• Proprietary Software
SYSTEM SOFTWARE
• System software refers to a category of computer software that is
responsible for managing and controlling the hardware components
of a computer system. Its primary purpose is to facilitate the
execution of application software by providing a platform for it to run
effectively. System software includes operating systems, device
drivers, utility programs, and other software components that enable
the hardware and software to work together seamlessly. Without
system software, it would be challenging for application software to
interact with and utilize the computer's hardware resources
effectively
APPLICATION SOFTWARE
• Application Software consists of programs that tell a computer how to
produce information.
• Application software runs under System Software, and is made to do a
specific task i.e. ( Word Processing, etc), which has indirect access to
the hardware (i.e. Behind System Software).
• General Purpose Application Software
• Special Purpose Application Software
GENERAL PURPOSE
• General-purpose application software, often referred to simply as "application
software," is a category of computer programs designed to perform a wide range
of common tasks and functions for end-users. These software applications are not
limited to a specific domain or industry; instead, they are versatile and can be
used for various purposes. Here are some common examples
• Microsoft Word (Word Processing)
• Microsoft Excel (Spreadsheet software)
• MySQL (Database Software)
• Microsoft PowerPoint (Presentation Software)
• Graphics and Image Editing Software
SPECIAL PURPOSE
Special-purpose application software, as the name suggests, refers to
computer programs and software applications that are designed for
specific, narrow, or specialized tasks or functions within a particular
industry or domain.
• Keeping Business Accounts
• Stock Control information
• Payroll
• General Practice management and appointments
EDUCATIONAL SOFTWARE
• Software that can be used for learning purposes…
• Assessment and Testing:
• Learning Management Systems (LMS):
ENTERTAINMENT SOFTWARE
• GAMES
OPEN SOURCE
• Open source software (OSS) is computer software whose source
code is available under a license that permits users to use, change,
and improve the software, and to redistribute it in modified or
unmodified form.
• It is often developed in a public, collaborative manner.
Well-known OSS products are Linux, Netscape, Apache, etc.,
PROPRIETARY SOFTWARE
• Proprietary software (also called non-free software) is software with
restrictions on using, copying and modifying as enforced by the
proprietor. Restrictions on use, modification and copying is achieved
by either legal or technical means and sometimes both.
• Proponents of proprietary software are Microsoft.
• Ex: CAD, Nortan Antivirus etc.,
