Environment Health &

Safety
 Contents
• What Safety Means • Emergency Preparedness

• EHS Vision, Goal & Policy • Permit to Work – PTW

• Definitions of Hazard, Risk, Aspect & • Work at Height – WAH

Impact
• Confined Space Entry – CSE
• Types of Hazard & Aspect
• Personal Protective Equipment – PPE
• General Rules for Spotting Hazards
• Incident Types & Reporting Norms
• Hierarchy of control
• Handling Chemicals
• Housekeeping
• Electrical Safety
• EHS Framework (ISO 14001 & ISO
45001) • Machine Guarding

• Indian EHS Legislation – Overview • Direct Responsibility

• IMS Manual • Safety briefing, Plant Visit & FF training

• Assessment
 What Safety Means

Safety refers to your

• Freedom from danger, injury and damage, and to your
personal security.
• Applies to the way you do everything in life
• Mistakes could be costly
• Never rely on LUCK; Always be alert;
• Remember rules & apply them
• “Family” depends on you

KNOW SAFETY NO LOSS

 EHS Vision & Goal

Our Vision :
• Achieve Incident Free Work Environment
• Get recognized as premier EHS Organisation

Our Goal :

• Zero Lost Time Injury

• Zero Minor Accident
• Zero First Aid Cases
• Report More Near Miss

Every Employee Who Comes To Work Reaches Back Home Safely

 EHS Policy

An organization's safety policy is a recognized, written statement of its commitment to

protect the health and safety of the employees, as well as the surrounding community. The
safety policy also details the measures the company takes and will take to protect the life,
limb, and health of their employees, often surpassing the requirements set out by the laws
or by the standard practices of the industry.

There are generally three sections in a safety policy, which include:

•Statement of the policy - The employer’s commitment to managing health and safety and
the goal of the policy
•Responsibility - Stating who is responsible for implementing, enacting, and tracking each
element of the policy
•Arrangements or procedures - Outlines the details of procedures including the reduction
of hazard policy
 EHS Policy
It may also include details about the following:
•Employee training
•Use of administrative controls, hazard isolation, locking, warnings, signs and symbols
marking hazards, etc.
•Use of personal protective equipment (PPE)
•Removing hazardous materials or replacing them with less harmful alternatives
•Improved lighting and working environment
•Prevention of slip, trip, and fall incidents
 EHS Policy

Principles of Health and Safety Leadership

•Having a zero injury mindset

•Directed by leadership, owned by everyone

•Consistent compliance, enforcement and

accountability at all levels

•An ongoing, proactive process

•Not discretionary - it is mandatory

•Good Corporate Citizenship and Good

Business
Hazards & Aspects
 Definitions
Hazard A condition, property or situation with the potential for loss.
Loss can involve human injury, ill health, damage to property, damage to
environment and any other forms of accidental loss (or a combination of
these)

Risk Is the chance that somebody will be harmed by a hazard or that

some other type of damage or loss may occur to plant and environment.

Aspect An element of an organization’s activities or products or services

that can interact with the environment.

Impact Any change to the environment, whether adverse or beneficial,

wholly or partially resulting form an organization’s environmental aspects.
 Hazard

Hazard has the potential to cause HARM to

• Person
• Plant & property
• Environment

• It does not necessarily mean it will harm, it just has the POTENTIAL to
cause harm

• Acute Hazard will cause immediate harm – (Example - Work at Height)

• Chronic Hazard may not cause immediate harm but continued exposure to
it will EVENTUALLY LEAD to harm. (Example – Noise)
 Types of Hazard

• Mechanical Hazard • Biological Hazard

• Electrical Hazard • Noise Hazard

• Chemical Hazard • Lighting hazard

• Fire & Explosion • Temperature Hazard

• Natural calamities • Ergonomic Hazard

• Radiation Hazard • Psychological Hazard

Mechanical Hazard
Electrical Hazard
 Electrical Safety

DO NOT work with water and electricity

DO NOT overload circuits

DO NOT use damaged equipment

DO NOT stand near a Qualified Person while they are performing work

DO NOT pull the plug out by the cord

DO NOT use equipment's which sparks / Smokes

 Chemical Hazard

Chemical hazards

• Chemicals can affect the skin by contact or the body either through the
digestive system or through the lungs if air is contaminated with chemicals,
vapour, mist or dust.

• There can be an acute (immediate) effect, or a chronic (medium to long-

term) effect from the accumulation of chemicals or substances in or on the
body.
 Fire Triangle

Fuel Oxygen

Ignition Source (Heat)

 Fire & Explosion

DO NOT switch ON or OFF any electrical appliances during gas leak

 Natural Calamities

Cyclone- Do you Remember “Phailin” Lightning

Earth Quake
 Radiation Hazard

Radiation hazards

• Equipment such as radioactive gauging devices or the radioactive trace

element used in analytical chemistry produce Ionising radiation.

• Non-ionising radiation covers infrared radiation (heat-producing processes) /

ultraviolet radiation (welding, sunlight), and microwaves (high-frequency
welders, freeze drying).
 Biological Hazard

Biological hazards

• These include insects, bacteria, fungi, plants, worms, animals and viruses. For
example, poultry workers exposed to bird feathers and droppings to which they
are allergic can contract a medical condition.
 Ergonomic Hazard

These actions can lead to….. …these consequences.

• Repetitive motion • Chronic Pain

• Excessive force • Back/spine

• Awkward posture • Joints/tendons/

ligaments
• Vibration
• Numbness/tingling
• Temperature
• Stiffness/cramping
• Lack of
experience • Nerve damage

• Lack of awareness • Loss of strength

 Ergonomic Hazard

• All employees are at risk

• Risks at work, risks at home

• Awareness and training prevents injuries

Shoulders Too High / Butts Up
 Psychological Hazard (Stress / Fatigue)
• Fatigue occurs when people get very tired over
a long time and/or are unable to rest.

• It significantly increases the likelihood of human

error and over the long term can cause or
contribute to stress (with subsequent health
problems).

Stress
• While Pressure is an integral part of work and helps to keep people
motivated, when it is excessive it can lead to stress.

• Stress causes chemicals to be released into the body that impact on how
the body works. Over time this can cause significant health problems.

• Also, stress affects peoples’ concentration, information processing and

decision making, which undermines their performance and can cause them
to commit errors or behave unsafely.
Noise Hazard, Lighting Hazard, Temperature
Hazard
Noise hazards
• Excessive noise can disrupt concentration, interfere with communication,
and result in loss of hearing.
• High impact noises are particularly damaging.
• Noise can also mask out signals, affecting communication or danger
warnings.

Lighting hazards
• Inadequate lighting levels are a potential safety hazard.
• A common problem area is the reaction time needed for the eyes to adjust
from a brightly lit to a darker environment — such as a forklift driver coming
indoors from bright sunlight.
• Temporary lighting is often inadequate.

Temperature hazards
• Extremes of cold or heat can cause problems such as tiredness, vulnerability
to infections or reduced capacity to work.
 Environmental Aspects & Impacts

Examples of Environmental Aspects Examples of Environmental Impact

Emission to air (smoke, dust, odor, Air pollution

fumes, etc.)
Waste water discharge to water Water pollution
stream or land
Waste discharge to land Land pollution

Use of material, energy and Natural resources / Conservation

resources
Noise generation Noise pollution, Nuisance

Radiation Global warming

 General Rules for Spotting Hazards
Careful Observation
of the location & task involved

Identify the Hazard

Don’t rely on your own expertise. Ask people who work in the situation

Find out what is involved

You are unlikely to be familiar with all the work task, so ask people who are.

Don’t dismiss any hazard

Don’t just dismiss it without assessment. Keep records

Include an accurate description of the potential loss

Will help you identify more of the less obvious hazards & risk

Change Management
When any significant change takes place to any process or work activity, new
hazards needs to identified & assessed
 What are the hazards here???

Try to find Unsafe Act & Unsafe Condition

 What are the hazards here???
Try to find Unsafe Act & Unsafe Condition
What are the hazards here???
 Housekeeping

Housekeeping is not just cleanliness. It’s a

basic part of accident & fire prevention

Includes

• keeping work areas neat and orderly

• maintaining halls and floors free of slip and trip

hazards

• removing of waste materials (e.g., paper, cardboard)

and other fire hazards from work areas.
 Housekeeping
Poor Housekeeping

Effective Housekeeping can eliminate some

workplace hazards
DO / DO NOT
 Hierarchy of control

Apply Hierarchy of control to reduce the likelihood & severity of

Injury:
Integrated Management System (IMS)
Environment
Health And
Safety

ISO 45001:2018 ISO 14001:2015

& BSC OHS 5* & BSC Env 5*

Standard for Occupational Standard for Environment

Health and Safety Management System
IMS is a management system which combines all components of a business into one coherent system so as
to enable the achievement of its purpose and mission

Saturday 23 March 2024 34

ISO 14001:2015 & ISO 45001:2018

Saturday 23 March 2024 35

ISO 14001:2015 & ISO 45001:2018
Requirements 4 - Context of
• 5.1 Leadership and
commitment
Organization • 5.2 EHS policy
5 – Leadership & • 5.3 Organizational roles,
Worker Participation responsibilities and authorities
• 5.4 Consultation & Participation of
6 – Planning Worker
• 4.1 Understanding the organization
{PLAN} 7 - Support & 8 – Operation
and its context
• 4.2 Understanding the needs & {DO}
expectations of interested parties 9 - Performance Evaluation
• 4.3 Determining the scope of the
EMS & OHSMS • 7.1 Resources {CHECK}
• 4.4 Environmental & OHS • 7.2 Competence 10 – Improvement
management system • 7.3 Awareness
• 7.4 Communication {ACT}
• 6.1 Actions to address risks and
• 7.4.1 General
opportunities
• 7.4.2 Internal communication
• 6.1.1 General
• 7.4.3 External communication • 9.1 Monitoring, measurement, analysis
• 6.1.2 Environmental Hazard &
• 7.5 Documented information and evaluation
Aspects
• 7.5.1 General • 9.1.1 General
• 6.1.3 Compliance obligations /
• 7.5.2 Creating and updating • 9.1.2 Evaluation of compliance
Legal &
• 7.5.3 Control of documented • 9.2 Internal audit
other requirement
information • 9.2.1 General
• 6.1.4 Planning action
• 6.2 Environmental & OHS
• 8.1 Operational planning and • 9.2.2 Internal audit program
control • 9.3 Management review
objectives and planning to achieve them
• 8.1.1 General • 10.1 General
• 6.2.1 Environmental & OHS
• 8.1.2 Eliminating hazards and reducing • 10.2 Nonconformity and
objectives
7 Sections
• / 6.2.2
23 Elements Planning actions to OH&S risks corrective action
• 8.1.3 Management of change • 10.3 Continual improvement
achieve
• 8.1.4 Procurement
environmental & OHS objectives
• 8.2 Emergency preparedness
and response

Saturday 23 March 2024 36

 Legal Requirements
Ministry of Environment and Forests/ Central Environmental (Protection) Act, 1986 and Rules
Pollution Control Board/State Pollution Control made there under in particular the Manufacture,
Boards Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemicals Rules ,
1989/1994/2000 and the Hazardous Wastes
(Management, Handing and Transboundary
Movement) Rules 2008/2009 & latest amendments

Chief Inspector of Factories The Factory Act, 1948, the State Factory Rules,
1950/1952 and amendments made there under, the
Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous
Chemicals Rules , 1989/1994/2000

Chief Controller of Explosives The Petroleum Act, 1934 and amendments made
there under : Petroleum Rules, 1976, Explosive Act,
1884 and amendments made there under; Explosive
Rules 1983; Gas Cylinder Rules, 1981; the Static and
Mobile Pressure Vessel Rules, 1981, Calcium Carbide
Rules, 1950

Chief Inspector of Boiler The Indian Boiler Act, 1950 and amendments made
thereunder
 Legal Requirements

State Transport Authority Motor Vehicles Act, 1980 and rules made there
under

State Electricity Authority Indian Electricity Act, 1910 and Indian Electricity
Rules, 1956

State Labour Department Contact Labor (Regulation & Abolition) Act, 1970
and Rules,1971/Workmen Compensation Act, 1923
IMS Manual
This is the manual that describes management intent & policy level
Level 1 commitments. It is organized similar to the applicable standard

Often called “Procedures” . This describes work processes, usually involving

multiple people & functions. Procedures typically exist as required by
Level 2 applicable standard & where otherwise needed to ensure effective control of
work processes

Level 3 Formats for implementing the requirements

Level 4 Retained Documented Information as evidence

Saturday 23 March 2024 39

 PTW – Permit To Work

• The PTW standard requires that a permit be issued for non-routine activities by
a qualified individuals for managing safety risks.

The system ensures that

• Formal safety evaluation is carried out before such tasks are undertake.
• Necessary safety precautions are taken before issue of the permit.
• Only trained & competent & authorized persons issue a permit.
• Only authorized persons carry out the job.
• Necessary supervision is provided.
 PTW – Permit To Work
• PTW is an administrative control

• Safety work permit fulfills “ British Safety council” safety standards

2010-11 elements 2.2 and 1.4

• Requirement as per Indian Factories Act t

r mi
e
kP h
• OSHA 1910.252 – General Requirements o r n gli s
W E

A Permit must:
• Defines scope of work
• Identifies hazards and assesses risk
• Establishes control measures to eliminate or mitigate hazards
• Links the work to other associated work permits or simultaneous it
e rm
operations kP i
or in d
W H
• Is authorised by the responsible person(s)
• Communicates above information to all involved in the work
• Ensures adequate control over the return to normal operations
 PTW – Permit To Work
DO:
• If you observe any non-routine job happening at site, stop & check if a PTW is
issued for the activity
• If you observe anything unsafe, stop the work & immediately report to you
supervisor
• If you are part of the team accepting work permit, understand the requirements
mentioned in permit before signing
• Follow the controls mentioned in the permit

DO NOT:
• DO NOT carry out any non-routine activity without obtaining a work permit
• DO NOT carry out any other activity apart from what is mentioned in work
permit
• DO NOT leave the site without closing the work permit
 Electrical Safety

Electricity KILLS – it does not take

much to cause injuries or fatalities
 Electrical Safety
DO DO NOT
• Follow facility procedures and safe • DO NOT work with water and
work practices electricity
• Know your safe work boundaries (arc • DO NOT overload circuits
flash/safe distances) • DO NOT use damaged equipment
• Report equipment damage, • DO NOT stand near a Qualified Person
malfunction, or other potential while they are performing work
hazards to a Qualified Person • DO NOT pull the plug out by the cord
immediately • DO NOT use if damaged
• Use electrical work permits, as
required
• Use protective devices / PPE
• Practice electrical safety at home
 Lock Out Tag Out
LO/TO – What to Do

• Eliminate ALL energy sources – bring equipment to zero energy/zero mechanical

state
• Identify Hazardous Energy Sources:
Electrical
Hydraulic
Radiation t
m en
u ip O
Pneumatic Eq LOT dure
e
roc
P
Chemical
Thermal
Potential/Stored
Kinetic/Mechanical

• Use Equipment -Specific Energy Control LO/TO Procedures

 Lock Out Tag Out

LOTO – Lock Out/Tag Out

• Respect lock out/tag out

• LOTO Must be used after de-energizing circuits and before conducting work
on electrical equipment

• NEVER remove a lock or tag while someone is working on a piece of electrical

equipment

• NEVER attempt to start or energize a piece of electrical equipment while it is

being serviced or repaired
 WAH – Work At Height

Definition for Working at Heights

“Any work undertaken within feet (6) feet of an unprotected side or edge
where a fall of four feet or more could occur, or working on an elevated work
platform four feet or more above the ground”

Only experienced, trained employees are permitted to work at heights

Use proper PPE and Personal Fall Arrest Systems (PFAS)

 WAH – Work At Height

Recognize and identify common elevated work platforms

• Ladders
• Floor Openings
• Scissors Lift
• Scaffolding
• Roof
 WAH – Work At Height
DO
• Understand the safety rules for each type of elevated work platform
• Do make sure the surface/access equipment in use is stable and strong enough to
support the worker’s weight and that of any equipment. Any edge protection should be
wide enough and strong enough to prevent a fall
• Do as much as possible work from the ground or partly from the ground, for example
assemble structures on the ground and lift them into position with lifting equipment
• Do ensure workers can get safely to and from where they want to work at height and
also consider emergency evacuation and rescue procedures
• Do provide protection from falling objects
• Do make sure equipment used for work at height is well maintained and inspected
regularly
• Do maintain 3 point contact`
 WAH – Work At Height
DO NOT
• Don’t overload ladders – the person and anything they are taking up should not exceed
the highest load stated on the ladder
• Don’t overreach on ladders or stepladders – keep your belt buckle (navel) inside the
stiles and both feet on the same rung throughout the task
• Don’t use ladders or stepladders if the nature of the work is deemed to be ‘heavy’ or if
the task will take longer than thirty minutes or so to complete
• Don’t use ladders if workers cannot maintain three points of contact (hands and feet)
at the working position. If this is not possible, consider an alternative safe system of
work
• Don’t let anyone who is not competent (someone who doesn’t have the skills,
knowledge and experience to do the job) carry out work at height
 Machine Guarding

Exposure to dangerous machine Causes of Injury

parts during …
• By Crushing
• Operation • By Contact
• Examination • By Entanglement
• Lubrication • By Impact
• Adjustment • By Ejection
• Maintenance
 Machine Guarding
Check and Ensure

• All moving parts are adequately guarded

• All interlocks and Emergency stops are operational
• All guards are tightly fixed
• Not to touch any moving part of the machine
• Never perform assembly or set-up work when the machine is running.
• Long hair must be restrained to prevent poor visibility and being caught in
the machinery
• Get yourself trained for any activity you perform
 Confined Space

What is a confined space?

• It must be large enough and so configured that an employee can

bodily enter it and perform assigned work

• It must have limited or restricted means for entry or exit

• It must not be designed for continuous occupancy

 Confined Space
Before Entry

• Get permission (Entry Supervisor)

• Visually size-up the space before entry
• Complete the permit
• Sample the air in the space
• Assign duties
• Isolate the space (lockout, blank, bleed)
• Ventilate the space (natural, mechanical)
• Ensure proper illumination / use only battery operated light source
• Use Personal Protective Equipment
• Establish communications
• Determine non-entry rescue technique
 Confined Space
DO

• Be aware of the risks that may occur within a confined space

• make sure the person doing the work is capable and trained in both the
work and the use of any emergency equipment

DO NOT

• DO NOT work in confined spaces unless it’s essential to do so

• DO NOT ignore the risks – just because a confined space is safe one day
doesn’t mean it will always be
• DO NOT let others enter a confined space until you are sure it’s safe to do
so
• DO NOT use AC source power supply for illuminating confined space.
• DO NOT use compressed air inside confined space
 PPE (Personal Protective Equipment)

• PPE is the last priority in the “Hierarchy of Controls”

• It does not eliminate or reduce the hazard and is only a barrier between
you and hazard
• PPE must be worn properly to be effective
• Never perform a task for which PPE is required but not available.
• Maintain your PPE in good condition
• Never use PPE that is defective, damaged, or outdated.
• Make sure the level of protection meets the level of the hazard.
• Participate in the PPE Hazard Assessment process.
 ANALYSIS
INCIDENT INVESTIGATION & REPORTING NORMS

• Aim is to ensure that accidents do not recur for same / similar reasons

• Not Fault finding - but a fact finding exercise

• Should highlight what was right as well as what went wrong

HOW
• Team investigation of line organization and employees
WHY
to get proper picture. WHEN

• Finding root cause is most critical . Improper analysis may lead to

repeated accidents ( e.g.., hand / finger cut, road accident ).

• Share findings of all incidents with employees.

• Near Miss
Reporting Norms
• FAC - First Aid case
• First information report Immediate or
• MTC - Medical Treatment Case Minor Accident
within 4 hours (MA)
• RWC - Restricted work case
• Prelim report within 24 hours
• LTI - Loss time incident Absent for
• Final report within 7 days >= 48 Hrs
• Fatal case
 Loss Causation Model

T
Disease Symptoms H
R
Lack of System Immediate E
Incident S Loss
Control Causes Causes H
H
Personal Substandard O Unintended
Inadequate
Factors Act/Practices Event L Harm
* Systems
or Contact D or
* Standards
Job Factors Substandard Damage
* Compliance
Conditions L
I
M
I
Accident or loss does not happen T
* It is caused
* It points to lack of control
 Handling Chemicals

Following precautions needs to be taken while handling the chemicals

• Know the hazards associated with materials you are using.

• Understand what is mentioned in Material Safety Data Sheet - MSDS
• Be prepared for emergencies and know what action to take.
• Know the location of safety equipment such as emergency shower, eyewash, fire
extinguisher, fire alarm, and emergency telephone numbers
• Use hazardous materials only as directed and for their intended purpose
• Never smell or taste a hazardous chemical.
• Avoid direct contact with any chemical, use protective equipment to avoid exposure
• Smoking, drinking, eating, and the application of cosmetics are forbidden in areas
where hazardous materials are in use.
• Ensure all containers are labeled
 Handling Chemicals

• All chemicals are to be considered dangerous. Do not touch, taste, or smell

any chemical unless specifically instructed to do so.
• Never use mouth suction to fill chemicals.
• Don’t store chemicals in water bottles
• Store chemicals in designated area / storage cabins provided for storage
• Maintain the level. Do not overfill
• Acids must be handled with extreme care. ALWAYS ADD ACID SLOWLY TO
WATER with slows stirring and swirling, being careful of the heat produced,
particularly with sulfuric acid.
• Use Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
 Direct Responsibility

• Your involvement is essential

• Example : Prompt reporting of deficiencies / Hazards /
Incidents

• Working safely is a condition of employment

• One has to take care of one’s own and others safety

• Believe - All injuries and occupational illnesses are preventable

Who is Responsible for
your Safety

YOU
 Visitor Safety Briefing

Once you hear an pulsating alarm

Emergency Exit

Do Not Panic
Do Not carry your belongings
Plant Layout / Assembly Point

You are
here

Emergency Exit Path

Visitor Dos & Don'ts

Always be with your host Cooperate with Security

Roof replacement & other works Plant Emergency No - 3555

Security Main gate - 3500
are in progress. OHC - 3600
Don’t enter any barricaded area EHS - 3777
Emergency Preparedness and Fire Safety
Emergency Response
 Emergency Response
• Emergencies include:

– Fire

– Major injury

– Major chemical spill

– Other situations where urgent assistance is required.

• If you find any emergencies in our location, please notify other colleagues

affected, leave the scene and report to your supervisor, Security or

Emergency Response Team.

 Emergency Response
• Emergency contact:

Internal: XXXX External through Mobile: XXX--XXXXXXX

Any Spill of more than 200 liters
Contact Security at XXXX and Facility Management at XXXX
Any Medical emergency:
Internal XXXX External: XXX - XXXXXXXXXX

• When you call emergency contact, be prepared to give:

– The type of injury or emergency.

– Name of person giving information.

– The location (use column numbers where applicable).

– Nearest entrance.
 Emergency Response
• Evacuation procedure

– Stage 1 : Be ready to evacuate

 A public announcement would be delivered for evacuation
 Stay calm and be ready to evacuate

– Stage 2 : Evacuate
 Follow the directions of ERT
 Gather at designated Assembly Area and report to your supervisors

– Stage 3 : All clear

 Return to plant only when the “ALL CLEAR” signal is given by Emergency
Response Team.
 Emergency Response
• Please get to know following items on your very first day here.

– Emergency response devices

– Emergency contact number

– Nearest emergency exit

– Your escape route

– Assembly Area
 Emergency Response
On Hearing Alarm ……

Escape through the nearest Exit doors.

DO NOT RUN
Reach your Assembly Points & Don’t stand on roads.
Report to your Evacuation warden for head count.
ERT checks the area & manages the Emergency in the
buildings
Incident Commander (Security) declares off Emergency
Keep access to roads free for emergency vehicles
Resumption of Business
 Emergency Response
• Exercise

– What are they used for?

 Emergency Response
• Key requirements for emergency response devices

– Don’t attempt to play with them. These devices are not allowed to move and use

for other purpose.

– Keep them under well condition.

– No obstacle to access, no block or locked.

– Any damages or defects found on these devices, report to your supervisors

and/or OHS immediately.

 Emergency Evacuation Flow indicator
– Wind sack

 Wind sacks installed in the plant locations

 The wind shock will fly in the same direction of the wind flow
 Which indicates that the fire will spread on that direction
 Also it indicates that the released propane / Chemicals will travel in the same direction
 Hence employees need to be moved to the opposite side that to the direction of wind
shock
 If the assembly points located on the side of wind shock flow, employees shall be
requested not to use those emergency evacuation assembly points and they need to use
the alternate assembly points on the other side
Fire Safety
Fire Safety
Fire Safety
 Emergency Response
• Fire Type

– Extinguishers have simple instructions displayed upon them.

– Remember the types of fire they should and should not be used on

based upon the pictograms and instructions on the label.

Emergency Response
 Emergency Response

P.A.S.S.
 Emergency Response

P.A.S.S.
Aim at the
base of the
fire
 Emergency Response

P.A.S.S.
Emergency Response

P.A.S.S.
Accident Reporting
 Accident Reporting
Accident - an unfortunate incident that happens unexpectedly and unintentionally, typically
resulting in damage or injury.
Accident - Accident is defined as an unplanned event that results in personal injury or property
damage.
Accident – It is an Unexpected, Unplanned occurrence which may result in injury
 Accident Reporting
 Fatality – An Occurrence of death by accident
 Disabled Injury - an injury that results in either death or permanent disability, or temporary total disability after the
day of injury
 Lost Time Injury - is an injury sustained by an employee that leads to loss of productive work in the form of
absenteeism or delays.
 First Aid Injury - medical attention that is usually administered immediately after the injury occurs and at the location
where it occurred.

 Nearmiss - An unplanned event happening, that does not result in an injury/illness or damage but had potential to do

so.
 Unsafe Act - “The unsafe act is a violation of an accepted safe procedure which could permit the occurrence of an
accident.”
 Unsafe condition - Unsafe Condition is defined as an unsatisfactory (unhygienic) physical condition that exists at the
workplace
Accident Reporting
SAFETY PYRAMID
 Accident Reporting
What is the use of accident reporting?
The purpose of the incident report is to document the exact details of the occurrence while they
are fresh in the minds of those who witnessed the event. This information may be useful in the
future when dealing with liability issues stemming from the incident.

Why accident must be reported?

They provide a reminder of possible hazards. Reporting them provide a way to monitor potential
problems and root causes as they recur. The documentation of these problems and root causes
increases the likelihood that repeating failures will be noticed and corrected before they develop to
more serious incidents.

What type of accidents need to be reported?

Accidents must be reported where they result in an employee or self-employed person being away
from work, or unable to perform their normal work duties, for more than seven consecutive days as
the result of their injury.
Accident Reporting
Cost of Accidents
Accident Reporting

• What is an accident?

– An unplanned, unexpected, and undesigned Fatality

Injury CONSEQUENCES
(not purposefully caused) event which occurs
Illness Near
Miss

suddenly and causes injuries, occupational Unsafe Unsafe

CAUSES
Conditions Acts
Job Safety Safe Work
disease, property loss and etc.. Hazard Analysis Practices
Recognition

Hazard Control Procedures

• The reason of reporting PREVENTIV
Safe Behavior
Reinforcement
Training E
STRATEGIE
– To find out root causes Leadership Employee Responsive
S
Commitment Commitment Supervision

– Take preventive measures Engineering Design / Controls

– Prevent more severe accidents and save life!

Accident Reporting

• What should be reported?

损工事故
– Fatal

– Serious injury/illness

– Lost time cases

– Days away and restricted time (DART) cases

– First time occupational visit (FTOV)

– Near Miss cases

– Unsafe conditions and/or behaviors.

Accident Reporting

• Reporting requirements
– Report all accidents/Near Miss/potential hazards to your team leader, supervisor or
OHS
– Involve in accident investigation if necessary
– Information so gained helps the Company prevent similar incidents.
 Chemical Safety

• Chemical hazard

– Physical hazard: fire, explosion, and/or toxic gas release

– Health hazard: acute and/or chronic effects

• Chemical exposure Inhalation

Ingestion
– Ingestion
Absorption
– Absorption

– Inhalation
 Chemical Safety

• How to detect hazardous chemicals in the air

– Inadequate methods

 By relying on the senses (seeing or smelling the chemical)

 By noticing the health effects

– Air sampling is one reliable way to detect exposure to dangerous levels

 Chemical Safety

• Know health and safety hazards of chemicals you are using

– Labeling: Each container of hazardous chemical must be properly labeled or

marked with the identity of the hazardous chemical, appropriate hazard warnings,

and the name and address of the chemical manufacturer.

A secondary container label is required unless the person

who pours the material uses the contents during that work shift.

Never use chemicals from unlabeled containers!

 Chemical Safety

• Know health and safety hazards of chemicals you are using

– MSDS: a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) is available for each hazardous

chemical used or stored in the workplace. MSDSs are readily accessible to

employees during the work shift.

At Ford, the Materials and Toxicology System (MATS) contains Material Safety

Data Sheets. MATS allows you use your web browser to find, display and print an

MSDS for any chemical product that is used at a Ford facility.

 Chemical Safety

• Know health and safety hazards of chemicals you are using

– Written program: each Ford facility has a written program that is location specific,

to explain how Ford will pass chemical safety information on to employees and

how employees will be trained in order to understand and use the information. If

you would like to see a copy, check with your safety representative.

– Training: It's also a requirement that employers provide information and training

about the hazardous chemicals in their work environment.

 Chemical Safety

• Know health and safety hazards of chemicals you are using

– Find and read all labels

– Write down the names and numbers (if provided) on the label

– Look up and read the Ford MSDS on the product.

– If you need help, ask your team leader, supervisor, OHS or Environment engineer.
 Chemical Safety

• Work practice controls • Administrative controls

– Lockout procedures – Preventive maintenance programs

– Confined space entry – Establishing special areas

– Housekeeping rules – Scheduling

– Ventilation – Shift assignments

– Choosing safe positions – Limiting the number of hours

– Avoiding unnecessary skin contact – Rotating workers

– Medical evaluations

– Review by toxicologists, industrial

hygienists, and safety engineers

 Chemical Safety
Store chemicals in Use appropriate tool to move
designated areas chemicals with great care

NO SMOKING Eat or drink only in

around chemicals designated areas
 Chemical Safety
Wash up before all breaks, lunch, and Work clothing and work shoes should not
before you leave the plant site. be worn home or mixed with home laundry.

Females planning pregnancy or at first

Keep work area and tools as
knowledge of pregnancy if exposed to chemicals
clean as possible
should consult the site physician immediately.
 Chemical Safety
• PPE Safety glasses or full-face shield
– protect against flying objects and offer some
protection against chemical splashes.

Chemical splash goggles

– needed in situations where many hazardous liquid
chemicals are used. Reduce the chance of chemicals
getting in your eyes and either damaging them
directly, or being absorbed through the lining of the
eye cavity.

Gloves, protective boots and shoes, and other

impervious clothing

– keep specific chemicals from coming in contact

with skin
 Chemical Safety
• Emergency situations
– Chemical spill or release
– Explosion or fire
– Exposure to a chemical in a confined space

Take Action!
1. Leave the area immediately. Go to your designated safe
location.
2. Alert others to evacuate.
3. Call for help.
4. If you know the name of the chemical, report it. BUT DO
NOT GO BACK to the area.
Statutory Compliance
Statutory Compliance
Statutory Compliance
Statutory Compliance
 Statutory Compliance
Environment protection act 1986
What are the 5 major environmental problems?
Some of the key issues are:
•Pollution. ...
•Global warming. ...
•Overpopulation. ...
•Waste disposal. ...
•Ocean acidification. ...
•Loss of biodiversity. ...
•Deforestation. ...
•Ozone layer depletion.
 Environment Protection Act and Rules, 1986

Important Definitions
• “Environment" includes water, air and land and the inter- relationship which exists
among and between water, air and land, and human beings, other living creatures,
plants, micro-organism and property. [S-2(a)]

• "Environmental Pollutant" means any solid, liquid or gaseous substance present in

such concentration as may be, or tend to be, injurious to environment [S-2(b)]

• "Environmental Pollution" means the presence in the environment of any

environmental pollutant [S-2(c)]
 Environment Protection Act and Rules, 1986

Central Government is most powerful under EP Act

• General Powers of the Central Government (S-3)
-Take all necessary measures for environment protection.
-Coordinate the actions of State Governments
-Lay down standards of environment quality and pollutants.
-Execute nationwide programmes.
-Restriction of areas for industries, etc.
-Inspecting industrial premises,
-Preparation of manuals, codes or guides

• The Central Government may appoint

officers and entrust them with such
powers and functions as it may deem fit. (S-4)
 Environment Protection Act and Rules, 1986

Central Government is most powerful under EP Act

• The Central Government is empowered to issue directions to any person,
officer or any authority . (S-5)
- Closure direction
(with power to disconnect electricity and water supply)

• The Central Government is empowered to make rules to regulate

environmental pollution on the following matters: (S-6)
- the standards of quality of air, water or soil
- the maximum allowable limits of pollutants
- the procedures for the handling of hazardous substances
- the prohibition and restriction on the location of industries
- the procedures and safeguards for the prevention of accidents
 Environment Protection Act and Rules, 1986
Prevention, Control, And Abatement Of Environmental
Pollution under EP Act, 1986
• No person/industry is allowed to pollute the environment. (S-7)
• Procedures and processes are laid down to control pollution. (S-9)
• Monitoring authority can carry out inspections. (S-10)
• Power to take samples (As per prescribed procedure). (S-11)
• Samples are tested in environmental laboratories. (S-12)
 Environment Protection Act and Rules, 1986

Stringent Penalties and Punishments

• Whoever contravenes the provisions of the Act- maximum punishment
up to 7 years and penalty up to Rs. 1 lakh or Rs. 5000 per day for
continued offence. (S-15)
• For defaulter Companies or Body Corporates- Directors or partners are
prosecuted. (S-16)
• This Act is also applicable to Government Departments and HOD is
prosecuted. (S-17)
 Environment Protection Act and Rules, 1986

Salient Features Of The Act

• This Act deals with criminal jurisdiction.

• Central Government is most powerful.
• Environmental labs are established or
authorised by Central Govt., State Govt.,
CPCB or State PCB.
• Standards are laid down by Central Govt.,
State Govt., CPCB or State PCB.
• Stringent penalties and punishments.
• Person having highest authority is prosecuted.
• Hazardous wastes are defined and special procedure is laid down.
• Locus standi is relaxed. Any person can file a case.
• This Act is also applicable to Government Department.
• This is an Umbrella Legislation.
 Environment Protection Act and Rules, 1986

Umbrella Legislation
There are several Rules laid down under the EP Act. Few of the important
Rules are as under-

• Environment Protection Rules, 1986

• Hazardous Waste Rules, 1989 (Now 2016)
• Bio Medical Waste Rules, 1998
• Municipal Solid Waste Rules, 2000
• Noise Pollution Rules, 2000
• Ozone Depleting Substances Rules, 2000
• Battery Waste Rules, 2001
• Plastic Waste Rules, 2011
• Electronic waste Rules, 2011
 Environment Protection Act and Rules, 1986

Umbrella Legislation
There are several Notifications issued under EP Act, 1986. Few important
notifications are as under-
• Notification for restricting industries in Doon Valley area, 1989.
• CRZ Notification, 1991 (Now 2011).
• Notification for declaration of Dahanu Taluka as eco-sensitive zone,
1991.
• Notification for declaration of Matheran as eco-sensitive zone, 1992.
• Notification for declaration of Mahabaleshwar as eco-sensitive zone,
1993.
• Notification on Fly ash, 2000.
• EIA Notification, 2006.
 Environment Protection Act and Rules, 1986

Environment Protection Rules, 1986

These Rules lay down further details for implementation of the Act
• It provides standards for emission or discharge etc.
• Procedure laid down for giving direction under S-5 by Central Govt.
• Prohibition and restrictions on locations. (based on proximity to human
settlement, ancient monument, biodiversity etc.)
• Procedure to take samples.
• When any person is filing complaint, format of notice and details about
whom to serve the notice etc.
• Format of environmental lab reports.
• Format of environmental Audit.
 Environment Protection Act and Rules, 1986

Schedules under EP Rules, 1986

• Schedule I lays down the Procedures and
Standards for 87 different industries
(e.g. rubber, copper, iron etc.)

• Schedule II - Noise Standards

• Schedule III- Standards for Motor Vehicles

• Schedule IV- General standards for effluents, inland surface, public

sewer, land of irrigation, marine coastal areas etc.
Statutory Compliance
 Statutory Compliance

These six pollutants are:

1. Carbon monoxide,
2. Lead,
3. Nitrogen oxides,
4. Ground-level ozone,
5. Particle pollution (often referred to as particulate matter), and
6. Sulfur oxides.
 Statutory Compliance

Other significant causes of water pollution include:

•Dumping solid wastes in water bodies
•Disposing untreated industrial sewage into water bodies
•Human and animal wastes
•Agricultural runoff containing pesticides and fertilisers
 Statutory Compliance

Some of the common causes of soil pollution are:

•Improper industrial waste disposal
•Oil Spills
•Acid rain which is caused by air pollution
•Mining activities
•Intensive farming and agrochemicals (like fertilisers and pesticides)
•Industrial accidents
 Statutory Compliance

Noise pollution has several contributors, which include:

•Industry-oriented noises such as heavy machines, mills, factories, etc.
•Transportation noises from vehicles, aeroplanes, etc.
•Construction noises
•Noise from social events (loudspeakers, firecrackers, etc.)
•Household noises (such as mixers, TV, washing machines, etc.)
Statutory Compliance
Statutory Compliance
Aspect Impact
Waste Management
Waste Management
• Why do we manage waste?
• Corporate responsibility to the community!
• Compliance with regulations
• Keep the environment clean and preserved
Waste Management
• Types of waste
• Different types of waste examples:
• Light bulbs,
• Oil
• Aerosol cans
• Oily rags
• Cardboard
• Scrap metals
• Each type of waste is managed differently
• Follow rules for disposal methods
• Don’t throw in the trash unless you have permission
• Place in assigned container
• Ask your Supervisor if you don’t know
Waste Management
• Used Lamps are managed as Universal Waste

• Examples:
• Fluorescent Tubes
• Mercury Vapor
• Regular (incandescent)
• Others
Waste Management
• Oils are managed as Special Waste Oil

• Examples:
• Machine oil
• Hydraulic oil
• Motor oil
• Other oils
Waste Management
• Aerosol cans are managed as Hazardous Waste
(Ignitable)

• Examples:
• Paint Cans
• Cleaner cans
• Other spray cans
Waste Management
• Put waste in the proper place
• You will be instructed of where to
put different types of waste
Spill Prevention Control and
Countermeasures Plan (SPCC)
 Spill Prevention Control and
Countermeasures Plan (SPCC)
• Required to create and maintain procedures for prevention and
cleanup of pollutant spills
 Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasures
Plan (SPCC)
• SPCC Objectives
• Identifying potential sources of pollutants
• Oil
• Chemical
• Describe the location and quantity of pollutants at the
facility
• Define spill response information
• Procedures
• Contacts

137
Spill Prevention Control and
Countermeasures Plan (SPCC)
• Report all leaks and spills to your Supervisor
immediately
• Leaks in:
• Pipes
• Drums
• Tanks
• Hoses
• Spills
• Material being transferred or used

138
 Spill Prevention Control and
Countermeasures Plan (SPCC)
• Internal spill notification procedures exist
• If you discover a spill notify your supervisor immediately
• As part of the plan the following notifications will be made:
• Employees near the site of the spill
• Spill prevention and control coordinator
 Spill Prevention Control and
Countermeasures Plan (SPCC)

• Spill Response
• The SPPC Plan will determine how the spill will be addressed
• Do not return to the area until notified it is safe

140
Storm Water Pollution
Prevention
Storm Water Pollution Prevention
• Required to ensure contaminants do not enter the water system
• Maintains a storm water pollution prevention plan to comply with this
requirement
Storm Water Pollution Prevention
• How can you help company to meet its obligation?
• Do not do anything outside the building that would cause
contamination such as:
• Grinding
• Welding
• Car washing
• Storage of oily equipment
• Storage of any waste drums
• Open dumpsters
Storm Water Pollution Prevention
• Help to ensure spill equipment remains available
• If you notice that spill equipment is used or missing notify your Supervisor
• If you discover a leak place a catch pan or drip basin under it
Storm Water Pollution Prevention
• What does “storm water requirements”
mean in plain English?
• No Oils or Chemicals
• No Concrete or Construction Wastes
• No Septic Wastes
• No Sediment
• No Mop Water

•Only Rain goes in the Drain

THANK YOU