School of Electrical Engineering and

Computer Science
Department of Electrical Engineering
EE-260 : Electrical Machines
Lecture#37
9.1: introduction to DC Motors
9.2: The Equivalent Circuit of a DC Motor
9.3: the Magnetization Curve of DC Machine
9.4: Separately Excited and Shunt DC Motors
Text Book: Chapter 09 DC Motors & Generators
(Stephen J. Chapman 4th Ed)
Instructor: Ms Neelma Naz
Class: BEE 13 C/D

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Chapter # 9
DC Motors
 ClassificationofofGenerators
Classification Motors
Motors

Alternating Current Direct Current

(AC) (DC)
Motors
Generators Motors
Generators

Induction Separately Self

Synchronous
Excited Excited

Single Three
Phase Phase Shunt Series Compound

Split Phase
Capacitor Squirrel
Squirrel Wound
Wound
Cage
Cage
Shaded Pole
 9.4: Separately Excited and Shunt
DC Motors
• A separately excited motor is
a motor whose field circuit is
supplied from a separate
constant-voltage power
supply.
• A shunt motor is a motor
whose field circuit gets its
power directly across the
armature terminals of the
motor.
• When the supply voltage is
assumed constant, there is no
practical difference in the
behavior of these machines.
• KVL for these motors is:
VT  E A  I A RA
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 The Terminal Characteristics of a
Shunt DC Motor
• The terminal characteristics of a motor is
VT  E A  I A RA
the plot of its output torque versus
speed. E A  K
• When the load on the shaft of shunt DC VT  K  I A RA
motor is increased, then the load torque  ind  KI A
will exceed the torque induced in the
machine, and the motor will slow down.  ind
IA 
• When the motor slows down, its internal K
generated voltage drops which will  ind
increase the armature current. VT  K  RA
K
• The increase in the armature current
increases the induced torque, and finally VT RA
  
the induced torque will be equal to the K ( K ) 2 ind

load torque at a lower mechanical speed.

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 The Terminal Characteristics of a
Shunt DC Motor
• The final equation is just a 
VT

RA
 ind
straight line equation with a K ( K ) 2
negative slope.
• Another effect internal to the
motor that can effect the
torque-speed curve is the
armature reaction.
• If the motor has armature
reaction, then as the load
increases, the flux-weakening
effect reduces its flux.
• The effect of reduction in the
flux is to increase motor’s
speed at any given load over
the speed it would run without
armature reaction.
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 The Terminal Characteristics of a
Shunt DC Motor
• If a shunt motor has a compensating windings so that its
flux is constant regardless of load, and the motor speed
and armature reaction are known at any one value of the
load, then it is possible to calculate its speed at any
other value of load, as long as armature current at that
load is known or can be determined.
• The relationship between internal generated voltages
and speeds at two different loading conditions is given
by

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Example 8-1

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Effect of Armature Reaction

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Example 8-2

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Speed Control of Shunt DC Motors

• There are two common and one less common method in

use for the speed control of shunt DC motors:

1) Adjusting the field resistance RF, and thus the field flux.
2) Adjusting the terminal voltage applied to the armature.
3) Inserting resistance in series with the armature circuit
(less common).

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 Speedcontrol
Speed controlof
ofShunt
ShuntDC
DCMotor
Motor

Adjustingtoto
Adjusting InsertingRR(Adding)
(Adding)
AdjustingRRF(
Adjusting (F)) Inserting
F F LowVVT
Low inArmature
Armature
LowIIF T in
Low F

Assume VT= constant: Assume IF= constant Assume IF & VT are

constant

 VT RA
RF IF    - ind
K (K ) 2

EA=K 
VT  E A
IA 
RA
T=K IA
Speedcontrol
Speed controlof
ofShunt
ShuntDC
DCMotor
Motor

 VT RA
  - ind
K (K ) 2
Speedcontrol
Speed controlof
ofShunt
ShuntDC
DCMotor
Motor

 VT RA
  - ind
K (K ) 2
Speedcontrol
Speed controlof
ofShunt
ShuntDC
DCMotor
Motor

 VT RA
  - ind
K (K ) 2
Example 8-3

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Example 8-4

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 Conclusion

9.4: Separately Excited and Shunt DC Motors

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