GEETHANJALI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND

TECHNOLOGY (Autonomous)
Approved by AICTE, Permanently Affiliated to JNTUH,Accredited by NAAC with
‘A+’ Grade
Cheeryal(V),Keesara(M),Medchal dist,Telangana-501301

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

LINE FOLLOWER BASED GARBAGE COLLECTOR

ROBOT

UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF

D.MADHAVI LATHA
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR PRESENTED BY:
G.MEHARISHA-20R11A04D2
SECTION CO-ORDINATOR
UMA MAHESHWARI S.SHIVA TEJA-20R11A04B0
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR P.SRI CHAITANYA-20R11A0498
 CONTENTS

• Aim
• Introduction
• Hardware components and Software required
• Working of each Component
• Block Diagram
• Advantages and Disadvantages
• References
 AIM

• Our project aims to develop a prototype using an Arduino Uno microcontroller to collect
garbage from the bins and on the roads . Its main goal is to provide automatic control for
collecting garbage.
• There are two main components in this system, the Waste Bins, and the Waste Collector
Vehicle.
• The waste collector vehicle moves from bin to bin to collect the waste.
 INTRODUCTION

• With the increasing population, it is becoming more important to address the problem of
waste management.
• This project presents the Garbage Collector robot using Arduino micro controller. The robot
is built on a metallic base, which is powered by a battery of 12V.
• When the bin is full, the IR sensor will sense the bin and it will send message to robot using
RF transmitter. The RF receiver will receive the message at 433MHZ.
• The complete structure of the vehicle can be broadly viewed as consisting of following
subsystems.
1) Path sensing
2) Body wheels with their driving system
3) Micro-controller unit and
4) Sensing the reference points.
HARDWARE COMPONENTS
1.Arduino UNO
2.DC Motor
3.H-Bridge IC
4.relay
5.IR sensor
6.Servo Motor
SOFTWARE REQUIRED
1.Arduino IDE
 WORKING OF EACH COMPONENT
Arduino Uno:
• The Arduino Uno is an open-source microcontroller board.
• It is the MicrochipATmega328P microcontroller.
• It is used for controlling the waste collection vehicle.
• It is also used for controlling all the connected sensors.

Specifications:
1. Operating Voltage 5V
2. Digital I/O Pins 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)
3. Analog Input Pins 6
4. SRAM 2 KB (ATmega328)
5. EEPROM 1 KB (ATmega328)
 WORKING OF EACH COMPONENT
DC Motor:
• An electric motor is a machine, which converts electrical energy into mechanical energy.
• 12 volt DC Motor are used to rotate the wheels of the robot car whose speed is 300 RPM.
• It takes input from Microcontroller and provides motion to the Waste Collection Vehicle.

Specifications:
1. Operating Voltage - 12V DC
2. Operating Current – 150mA

IR Sensor:
3. IR sensor is an electronic device, that emits light in order to sense some object in the surroundings.
4. It is also able to detect motion and can measure the heat radiating from the object.
5. It is used for identifying black strip and helps to navigate the waste collection vehicle.
6. It also helps waste bin to open the lid.
 WORKING OF EACH COMPONENT

Specifications:
1. Input Power - 18W
2. Input Voltage - 12V
3. Frequency - 250Hz

H-Bridge IC:
• The dual H-bridge motor driver IC used is L293D.
• The L293D is a monolithic integrated, high voltage, high current, 4-channel driver.
• The L293D supports two DC motors.
• DC motors allow the waste collection vehicle to run backwards and forwards .
 WORKING OF EACH COMPONENT
Specifications:
1. Operating range – 1.8V to 6.0V
2. Operating Current – 1.6A
3. No. of H-Bridge channels – 2

Servo Motor:
• An electrical device which is used to pull, push or rotate an object.
• It is used for Opening and Closing the Waste Bin Lid.

Specifications:
1. Rotation – 180 degrees
2. Voltage – 220V
3. Speed – 2000r/min
4. Output Power – 1.5kW
 BLOCK DIAGRAM
Power supply unit for data transmitting

Garbage level sensing circuit1

designed with IR sensor & 89C20521 RF Transmitter
567IC
RF receiver
Trigger circuit designed IR Path sensing circuit operates at
with 567IC sensors designed with IR sensors 433MHZ

ARDUINO

+5v regulator
RF receiver circuit relay
H Bridge IC relay
operates at
433MHZ
DC DC DC DC
motor-1 motor-2 + - motor-3 motor-4
+12V battery
Trigger circuit designed IR
with 567IC sensors
 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
Advantages:
• The robot has a simple mechanism, thus easy to maintain.
• Compressed air is a cheap fuel type.
• Can work well with non-magnetic or porous materials.
• Can perform well even under harsh environments.

Disadvantages:
• It always needs a path to run either white or black since the IR rays should reflect from
the particular path.
• Slow speed and instability on different line thickness or hard angles.
 REFERENCES

• Geetha velusamy, Dr. Vishwanath Karad MIT World Peace University,

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/356688895_Fully_Automated_Waste_Manage
ment_System_Using_Line_Follower_Robot
.
• Mohammed Adam, Mohammed Elnour Okasha, Omer Mohammed Tawfeeq,
Mohammed Awad Margan, Bakri Nasreldeen, ”Waste Management System Using
IoT”,”2018 International Conference on Computer, Control, Electrical, and Electronics
Engineering (ICCCEEE)”,12-14 Aug. 2018.
• S. Loganayagi, C. Jeyabharathi, ”Development of an Iot System for Efficient
Classification and Management of Solid Waste in Indian Cities- A Research”,
International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE)
ISSN: 2278- 3075, Volume-8 Issue-12, October, 2019
THANK YOU