Lesson 9: Ohm’s Law
Section 2.2
Read pages: 306 and 308
Ohm’s Law
• There are two key components to Ohms law as
temperature
long as the ________________________
stays the same...
the resistance of a conductor
A stays constant
the current is directly
B proportional to the voltage
applied
• By knowing the two of the three parts
of the electrical principal:
current
_________________________,
voltage
______________________ and or
resistance
_________________________ we
can find the other missing component.
Table 1
How can we apply Ohm’s law? There are 3
basic steps you will use every time in
science to calculate a value.
Step 1
Write down a list of what is given
and unknown
Step 2
Use the correct formula
Step3
Solve the problem, end with a statement
Let’s prove Ohm’s Law!
Current can be increased
V IR Proof
by:
If V = 60V, R = 6Ω If V = 120V, R = 6 Ω
Increasing Voltage
If V = 60V, R = 6 Ω If V = 60V, R = 3 Ω
Decreasing Resistance
Proof
If V = 60V, R = 6Ω, I = ? If V = 120V, R = 6Ω, I = ?
V V
I I
R R
60 120
I I
6 6
I 10 A I 20 A
Aha if the voltage doubles the current
doubles!
Proof
If V = 60V, R = 6Ω, I = ? If V = 60V, R = 3Ω, I = ?
V V
I I
R R
60 60
I I
6 3
I 10 A I 20 A
Aha if the resistance is half then the
current doubles!
• What isNow let’s across
the voltage practice
a 20 Ω
resistor carrying a current of 3A?
Step 1 Step2 Answer
R = 20 V IR V = 60 V
I = 3 V (20)(3)
V = ? V 60
• A toaster with a resistance of 100Ω is
connected to a 120V source. What
current flows through the toaster?
Step 1 Step2 Answer
R = 100 V
I I = 1.2 A
V = 120 R
I = ? 120
I
100
I 1.2
• An electric heater is connected to a
120V wall outlet. When the heater is
turned on, 12A of current flows through
the circuit. What is the resistance of
the heater?
Step 1 Step2 Answer
V R = 10 Ω
V = 120 R
I
I = 12 R
120
12
R = ?
R 10
• A 30V battery creates a current
through a 15Ω resistor. How much
current is created?
Step 1 Step2 Answer
V = 30 V
I
R = 15 R I = 2 A
I = ?
30
I
15
I 2
• A motor has an internal resistance of
40Ω . The motor is in a circuit with a
current of 4A. What is the voltage?
Step 1 Step2 Answer
R = 40
V IR
I = 4 V = 160 V
V (40)(4)
V = ?
V 160
• An extension cord rated 15A is
connected to a 120V supply. What is
the smallest load resistance with which
the cord can safety be used?
Step 1 Step2 Answer
V
I = 15 R
I
V = 120 120 R = 8 Ω
R = ? R
15
R 8
• A current of 625mA runs through a bulb
that is connected to 120V. What is the
resistance of the bulb?
Step 1 Step2 Answer
I = 625 mA V
R R = 192 Ω
I = 0.625A I
V = 120 120
R
R = ? 0.625
R 192
What is the resistance for the circuit?
Try it!
Total voltage of the batteries= 1.5 V + 1.5V + 1.5 V + 1.5V = 6.0 V
Resistance (R) = V/I
R = 6.0 V / 3.0 A = 2.0 ohms
What happens to the current, if you double
the resistance in a circuit?
Current will be half, because current (I)
and resistance(R) have an indirect
relationship
How can resistance in an electrical circuit
can be reduced?
Use a better conductor
Increase the diameter of the resistor
Decrease the length of the resistor
How do we measure these values to
utilize Ohm’s law?
Test Meter Where is it
placed?
Ammeter Part of circuit-
Multimeter in series
Current
How do we measure these values to
utilize Ohm’s law?
Test Meter Where is it
placed?
Voltmeter Over the load
Multimeter Or battery
Voltage
(voltage drop)-
in parallel
How do we measure these values to
utilize Ohm’s law?
Test Meter Where is it
placed?
Ohmmeter Over the
Multimeter resistor – in
Resistan parallel
ce
What is a Multimeter?
• A device that measures:
• Voltage (V)
• Current (A)
• Resistance (Ω)
Take Home Message
• Ohm’s law = relationship between
current and voltage
Homework
• Read pages: 311 to 313
• Complete the Lesson 9 Exit Slip
