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g8 Science q4 Week 4 Hierarchical Taxonomic System

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706 views47 pages

g8 Science q4 Week 4 Hierarchical Taxonomic System

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Ahyoka Node
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© © All Rights Reserved
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HIERARCHICAL

TAXONOMIC
SYSTEM
PREPARED BY: TYPE YOUR NAME HERE
LEARNING OBJECTIVE

►Classify
organisms using
the hierarchical
taxonomic system
TAXONOMIC HIERARCHY

►Sequence of categories in
increasing or decreasing order.
►‘Taxonomy’
- Greek Word “taxis” meaning
arrangement or division
- “nomos” meaning method
THE 5 KINGDOMS OF ORGANISMS

Animalia
Plantae
Fungi
Protista

Monera
Living things
can be

MONERA PROTOCTISTA FUNGI PLANT ANIMAL


KINGDOM KINGDOM KINGDOM KINGDOM KINGDOM
MONERA
Kingdom Monera (bacteria/monerans)- prokaryotic;
unicellular organisms

Ex. staphylococcus, bacillus, spirilla


MONERA
• Body: unicellular
organisms, they don’t have
bodies and have different
shapes. Some of them
have a tail to move around
and others don’t move.
• Reproduction: by dividing. Rod-shaped (bacillus) bacteria

• Nutrition: some make


their own food and others
have a substance that
breaks down animal and
plant matter.

Coccus-shaped bacteria
PROTIST
Kingdom Protista (protists) - divided into two major
divisions

Protozoans- animal-like protists; unicellular


eukaryotic organisms (ex. amoeba, euglena,
paramecium, trichomonas)

Algae- plant-like protists; multicellular eukaryotic


organisms; some are photosynthetic; mostly are
aquatic (ex. green algae, red algae)
PROTOZOA (ANIMAL-LIKE PROTISTS)
ALGAE (PLANT-LIKE PROTISTS)
PROTISTA
• Body: unicellular or
multicellular. Some of them
don’t move, others use
pseudopods or false feet and
others use cilia.
Amoebae
• Reproduction: in two ways:
spores or dividing (algae)
• Nutrition: some make their
own food and others take it
from the environment. Some
algae carry out
photosyntesis.

Algae
FUNGI
Kingdom Fungi- they were once considered plants
but scientists discovered that they cannot produce
their own food; non-photosynthetic; multicellular

eukaryotic organisms

Example: molds, yeast, mushrooms; disease-


causing fungi like athlete’s foot and ringworm
FUNGI
• Body: most are
multicellular: they have a
cap, stem and a network
of hyphae. Some are
unicelular, like yeast and
mould.
• Reproduction: through
Moulds
spores.
• Nutrition: they have a
substance that breaks
down animal and plant
matter, they take the
nutrients from the
decaying matter.

Mushrooms
PLANT
Kingdom Plantae (plants) - generally called
producers because they can make their own food
through the process called photosynthesis;
multicellular eukaryotic organisms

Example: non-flowering plants such as mosses


and ferns
flowering plants which could
be fruit-bearing or cone-bearing
They have some
characteristics in
common…
They have some
characteristics in
common…

Which are they?


SEED PLANTS
reproduce by creating seeds.
SEED PLANTS
reproduce by creating seeds.

NON-SEED
PLANTS
reproduce by spores
Angiosperms or flowering
plants grow flowers.
- Fruit grows from the flowers
- Seeds grow inside the fruit.

SEED
PLANTS

NON-
SEED
PLANTS
Angiosperms or flowering
plants grow flowers.
- Fruit grows from the flowers
- Seeds grow inside the fruit.
SEED Gymnosperms or conifers
PLANTS produce cones.
- Seeds grow inside the cones.
- Some conifer seeds are called
nuts

NON-
SEED
PLANTS
SEED
PLANTS

Ferns have special leaves


called fronds. Ferns are
NON- anchored to the ground by
their roots.
SEED
PLANTS
SEED
PLANTS

Ferns have special leaves


called fronds. Ferns are
NON- anchored to the ground by
their roots.
SEED
PLANTS Mosses produce capsules.
They don’t have roots, they
have rhizoids. Mosses absorb
water and nutrients through
the rhizoids, stems and leaves
Angiosperms or flowering
plants grow flowers.
- Fruit grows from the flowers
- Seeds grow inside the fruit.
SEED Gymnosperms or conifers
PLANTS produce cones.
- Seeds grow inside the cones.
- Some conifer seeds are called
nuts

Ferns have special leaves


called fronds. Ferns are
NON- anchored to the ground by
their roots.
SEED
PLANTS Mosses produce capsules.
They don’t have roots, they
have rhizoids. Mosses absorb
water and nutrients through
the rhizoids, stems and leaves
ANIMALIA
Kingdom Animalia (animals)- multicellular
eukaryotic organisms

Invertebrates- animals that do not


have
backbones (ex. insects, arachnids, corals,
sponges, worms, mollusks, crustaceans)
Vertebrates- animals that have
backbones
(ex. fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds,
mammals)
The next group
to further classify
living things is
the Phylum.

In the animal
kingdom, the two
phylum are
invertebrates
and
invertebrates.

Fun fact
98% of all No
backbone Have a backbone
animals are
invertebrates!
Create a two column
table in your book
titled ‘Vertebrates
and Invertebrates.
Write down the
names of these
animals under the
appropriate heading.
The next step is
to group animals
by class.

Can you name


two animals for
each class?
Every class
needs a little
order!

The class
‘Mammals’ has
26 orders in all.

Here are five


examples.
Families come
next.

The order
‘Primates’ is
organised into
13 families.

We are part of Family - Hominidae (great apes)


the family called
Hominidae
family
Animals in the
same genus are
very closely
related.
Genus - Homo
Our genus is
called ‘Homo’
and includes all
great apes that
showed
evidence of tool
use, language
and culture
leading up to our
own species.
We made it! The
species is each
type of animal.

Our species is Species - Sapiens


‘Sapiens’ and we
are the only
surviving
species of the
homo genus.
Binomial Nomenclature
• The Swedish scientist, Linnaeus, also devised a
simplified system of naming organisms based on their
classification: the first name shows the genus and the
second the species to which the organism belongs, as in
Panthera leo (the lion). This naming system is called
binomial nomenclature.

• Therefore, our official title is Homo Sapien.

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