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HSFG Bolts

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Jeyakumar James
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29 views30 pages

HSFG Bolts

Uploaded by

Jeyakumar James
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HSFG Bolts

Presented by: J. Jeyakumar


HSFG Bolts – Advantages

Bolts can be installed much quickly as


compared to rivets.

 Bolt installation does not require much skilled


staff as compared to riveting/welding.

HSFG bolts have much better fatigue


performance as compared with the rivets.

Bolts are maintenance free and do not get loose


under vibrations.
HSFG Bolts – Concerns

•There is a concern that bolts can be


opened for stealing steel members and for
mischief.

•Proper tightening of bolts is pre-requisite


for its performance.

•Performance of bolts depends on the


coefficient of friction between steel
surfaces, which depends on the condition
of surface at the time of tightening
HSFG Bolts - Introduction

High Strength Friction Grip Bolts

•High strength bolts


• Having axial force that holds the plies
(members) together

BS-111 issued in June 2012

• Revision 6 issued in May 2019.


HSFG Bolts – Action

Bolts are tightened to stress level beyond yield


point – according to Research Design and
Standards Organization, Lucknow
Report no BS-111 (Revision 6)

Pre-defined load induced in the shank of the


bolt

The plates/members are pressed together

Friction developed at the interface of members


resists the external forces
Tightening Methods

•All fastener materials are slightly elastic and must be


stretched a small amount to develop clamping load.

•However, if they are stretched beyond their elastic limit (yield


point), they will deform permanently. In view of this, any
tightening method must ensure that the stress in the bolt
never exceeds the elastic limit, both during the tightening
operation and when the assembly is later exposed to efforts
during operation.
• Preloaded HSFG bolting assemblies are very sensitive to differences
in manufacture and lubrication.

• CompleteHSFG bolting assembly including Direct Tension Indicator


(DTI) washer, shall be supplied by single manufacturer who shall be
responsible for the function of the assembly.

• For the same reason it is important that hot dip galvanizing or other
surface coatings of the assembly shall be under the control of single
manufacturer.

• DTI washers are to be sold as part of a complete assembly only. The


systems of bolt/nut/washer assemblies are described in Table
below.

• Use of DTI washer shall be mandatory in HSFG bolting assemblies.


HSFG Bolts – Identification

• Property Class: x.y

• x: Tensile strength

• y: Ratio of lower yield strength to normal tensile strength

• E.g. class 8.8, 10.9

• 8.8 means tensile strength of 800 N/mm2 and lower yield


strength 80% of the same i.e. 640 N/mm2

• Identification in field: Along with manufacturer initials,


following shall be embossed or indented on head

• Class 8.8: HR8.8

• Class 10.9: HR10.9


HSFG Nuts – Identification

• Property Class: x

• x: Tensile strength

• E.g. class 8 and 10, suitable for bolt class 8.8 and 10.9

• Identification in field: Along with manufacturer initials,


following shall be embossed or indented on top or bottom

• Class 8: HR8

• Class 10: HR10


HSFG Washers

•Washers used under heads of preloaded bolts shall be


chamfered according to EN 14399-6 and positioned with the
chamfer towards the bolt head.

•Washers according to the EN 14399-5 shall only be used under


nuts.

•Up to three washers with a maximum combined thickness of 12


mm may be used in order to adjust the grip length of bolt
assemblies. These shall not be thinner than 4 mm.

•Taper washers shall be used if the surface of the constituent


product is at an angle to a plane perpendicular to the bolt axis of
more than: (a) 1/20 (3⁰) for bolts with d≤ 20 mm (b) 1/30 (2 ⁰) for
bolts with d> 20 mm. Dimensions and steel grades for taper
washers shall be specified
How to provide HSFG Bolts

•Hole: Dia of holes for HSFG bolts shall be 2 mm


more than nominal dia of bolt i.e. 22 mm for M20
bolt.

•Oversize holes: Max 1.25d or d+4 mm.

•Length of bolt: Shall include grip, all washers


and extra constant for nut and projection.

•Maximum length 10 times dia of bolt


Procedure for tightening of bolts

• Using DTI Washer

• Performance test of DTI washer shall be done before


the same is procured.

• First Stage Tightening: Using manual wrench, all bolts


shall be tightened to ‘snug tight’ level.

• Check if plies are in close contact

• Second Stage Tightening: Using Torque wrench, all


bolts shall be tightened till DTI indicates full tension in
bolt.
Precautions in use of HSFG Bolts

Surface preparation is most important and it


must be ensured that the metallised surface shall
not be painted.

Bolts once tightened to second stage go in


plastic stage (according to Research Design and
Standards Organization, Lucknow
Report no BS-111 (Revision 6)). These cannot be
reused in same or other holes.

Calibration of DTI washers or torque wrench is


very important and adequate care shall be taken
for the same .
Anti-theft/anti-sabotage measures

•Do not use tack welding to destroy bolt thread in any circumstance.

•Use of proven bonding agent to seize or lock the bolt in position may be applied to the
threads projecting beyond the nut.

•Experimentally, RDSO has found that HSFG bolts upto 20 mm diameter can be
opened. Larger bolt diameters require considerable force to open and cannot be
opened by stealth.
Status of HSFG Bolts on Indian Railways

•All spans of Railway Bridges for 25 t loading has


been designed with HSFG Bolts and drawing
issued.

•Drawing with rivets have been withdrawn for 25 t


loading. It is mandatory to use HSFG bolting
assemblies in place of rivets.

•Drawings of composite girder ROB is also using


HSFG bolts for field connection.
Design of joints with HSFG Bolts

•Choose surface preparation method. IRS SBC


specifies two type of preparations and gives the
slip factor for these.

•Metallising as per IRS B1 (150 μm) without any


overcoating shall normally be chosen.
Design of joints with HSFG Bolts

•Next step is to choose the dia of bolts and the


bolt

•class. 8.8 bolts have lower strength but more


reserve strength than 10.9 class bolt.

•M16, M20, M24, M30 and M36 are given in Is:4000.


M18, M22 and M27 are given in IS:1367, referred to
as ‘Non Preferred’ sizes.

•Holes for HSFG bolts are 1.5 mm more than


nominal bolt diameter for size upto 25 mm and 2
mm thereafter.
Design of joints with HSFG Bolts

• For joints subject to pure shear, shear force on a


bolt shall not exceed: • Minimum Bolt tension
shall be as per Table 3 of IS: 4000.
The value of ki is calculated as follows:

ki = Mpi/d FpC

Where

ki – individual k factor – as per KEPL’s Torque Chart– 0.17 to 0.2

Mpi – torque in Nm corresponding to the bolt force FpC – as per KEPl’s


Torque Chart – 634 to 746

d – nominal thread diameter in mm

Fp,C - required preload of 0,7 fub As, (kN)

Where

fub - nominal tensile strength (Rm,nom), (MPa)

As - nominal stress area of the bolt, (mm2) – 303 sq. mm for the bolts we
are using

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