Introduction
Uses of metals
1) Gold, Platinum and silver are used as jewelleries and ornaments.
2) Iron and steel are used for construction purpose.
3) Aluminium, steel are used as utensils.
4) Mercury is used in thermometer and helps to check the temperature.
5) Aluminium are used as insulation wires.
6) Aluminium foils are used as food wrappers.
7) Silver foil is used in sweets.
8) Zinc is used for galvanising to prevent rusting.
9) Iron is used in automobiles.
10) Copper is used for making cable wires.
Uses of non metals
• Oxygen is used for breathing.
• Chlorine is used for purifying water.
• Phosphorous is used in crackers.
• Non - metals like nitrogen is used in fertilizers.
• Graphite is used as a good conductor of electricity.
• Potassium is used in fertilizers.
• Nitrogen is used by plants.
• Graphite is used in making leads.
• Carbon is used as a fuel.
• Bromine is used in dyes and pesticides.
Chemical properties of metals
•The density of metals is usually high.
•Metals are malleable and ductile.
•Metals form an alloy with other metals or non – metals.
•Some metals react with air and corrode. For e.g. Iron.
•Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity. Lead is an exception.
•Generally, metals are in a solid state at room temperature. Except for
Mercury. Mercury is in a liquid state.
•Many metals produce metal oxide by burning in the oxygen of the air.
Highly reactive metals react violently when they’re burnt in oxygen.
•Metals like sodium and potassium are stored in oil as they react with air in
seconds. They’re highly reactive metals.
•Less reactive metals like gold, silver, platinum, etc do not tarnish easily.
They stay shiny and lustrous.
•Metals produce metal oxide and hydrogen gas while reacting with water.
Chemical properties of non metals
•Nonmetals are poor conductors of heat and electricity. Graphite and Gas
carbon are exceptions.
•Unlike metals, nonmetals aren’t malleable and ductile.
•Nonmetals react more with metals than with nonmetals.
•Usually, nonmetals react with other nonmetals in high temperature.
•Most nonmetals do not react with air in room temperature.
•White phosphorus is the only nonmetal that reacts with air to form its
oxide by burning.
•Usually, nonmetals do not react with water. Except for Chlorine, chlorine
dissolves in water to form an acidic solution.
•Nonmetals have a low density.
•They do not form alloys. However, nonmetals like carbon, silicon and
phosphorous.
•Nonmetals exist in all states of matter at room temperature.
Physical properties of metals
•The physical properties make them useful for many purposes. For e.g. Copper is
used in making electric wires, gold is used to make jewellery, stainless steel is used
to make pots, pans, etc
• Metals react with nonmetals to form iconic bonds. For e.g. Sodium Chloride
(NaCl)
•Metals are a good conductor of electicity which means that they can conduct
electricity due to the free moving electrons present in them. Copper is used as
wiring as it is a good conductor of electricity.
•Metals have high melting points and high boiling points as they have strong
metallic bonds.
•All metals are physically lustrous. They have a lustre that makes them shine. Gold
is used for making jewellery.
•Metals are hard, they can’t be broken easily and require a lot of energy and
strength to break. Iron is used to make cars, buildings, ships, etc.
•Metals weigh a lot as they have a high density. Metals are heavy for their size.
•They don’t have flexibility and have tensile strength. Metals can’t be stretched.
•Metals are great conductors of heat. That’s why pots, pans, vessels are made of
PHYSICAL PROPERTIS OF NON METALS
•They are good conductors of sound. They are sonorous.
•Metals are ductile which means that they can be used to make thin wires.
•They are malleable which means that they can be pounded into thin sheets.
•Metals are usually solid at room temperature. However, there is an
exception i.e. Mercury which is usually in liquid form.
•There are a few metals that have low density, soft, and have low melting and
boiling points. These metals are alkali and alkaline of metals, they are also
highly reactive, and are rarely encountered in their elemental, metallic form.
•Some metals like sodium are so soft that they can be cut with a knife.
•Three magnetic metals are iron, nickel and cobalt. Steel is also magnetic but
it is an alloy which contains iron.
•Metals tend to gain valence electrons.
•Also, metals have low electronagatevity.
•Metals usually have one to three electrons in their outer shell.
