AICTC/CKP WELCOMES YOU ON

PRESENTATION ON SCADA
OVERVIEW OF THE SCADA SYSTEM

• The SCADA system is designed to control the 25KV Traction

power supply system and also monitor the status of parametres.It is
a fully integrated hardware and software system with a central
control to monitor and control the field devices located at remote
sites.
The SCADA system can be classified into two broad categories:
1. Remote Control Centre (RCC)
2. Remote Terminal Unit (RTU)
REMOTE CONTROL CENTRE-RCC is designed for

monitoring different types of data like catenary indication, device

status and telemetry from various control stations. It also controls
the field equipment like circuit breakers, bridging interrupters,
transformer tap position changing etc., RCC stores the data
regarding alarms, events, and telemetry to help the user to analyze
the status of the overhead equipment and switching stations. This
data can be used for maintenance purposes also. For example, RCC
helps the user to easily identify the fault in OHE located in various
sections, for immediate rectification.
 RCC consists of the following equipment

a)Main and standby Server

b)Main and Standby FEP
c)Operator Workstation computer ( MMI )
d)Printer
e)Modem and 16 Port Ethernet Switch
f)UPS with Battery
 WORKING OF REMOTE CONTROL SYSTEM

A Remote control centre is set up near the traffic control office in each
division to work in close liaison with the traffic control. The RCC includes
the main control room, equipment room, UPS room, and battery room and
is the nerve centre of the Traction Power Control.
Remote control system controls the entire 25kv power supply system with
the help of supervisory control and data acquisition system(SCADA)
SCADA:- SCADA is a supervisory controlled and data acquisition
computer software system operating with coded signals over
communication channels so as to provide control of remote equipment.
It refers to centralized system which monitor and control entire 25kv
power supply system spread over large areas. It runs on SPORT
protocol(Standard protocol for Railway Traction)
 WORKING OF SCADA

It has two server, one is called master server and other is called slave
server. These are also called supervisory computer. Normally master server
works and slave server remains in hot standby mode. Whenever Master
server fail due to any reason the slave server starts working automatically.
The switching of servers takes place automatically through “AUTO
SWITCH”. Each system interfaces with its front end processors(FEP) or
CP(Communication Processor) and modem at RCC for communication
with RTUs and with man-machine interface equipment.
There are two workstations consisting of Visual display Units (VDU)
and key boards for working of TPCs. Any command given by TPC
will first go to the master server and then to FEP or CP and then
through Modem it will go to the RTU of different switching posts.
The supervisory computer, FEP and VDU are connected in LAN
system. The RTUs are connected in multidrop serial manner. The
supervisory computer access the RTU through appropriate driving
software using the RS232 link. (RS232 is a 09 pin connector in
which we used only 05 pin, 02 pin for RX, 02 pin for TX and 01 pin
for common ground.
The RCC and RTUs are connected in Wide Area Network (WAN).
The RCC Computers communicate with each RTU in a predefined
sequence over the WAN to acquire information regarding :
Status of CB, interrupter, relays etc.
Alarm condition in the controlled station Measurand values
 BLOCK – DIAGRAM SCADA

21”VDU 21”VDU 21”VDU 21”VDU 21”VDU

Workstation-1 Workstation-2

16-port
LAN
HUB
Server Printer Printer Server
Main Standby

LAPTOP

FEP1 FEP2

Modem Modem Modem Modem

RTU RTU RTU RTU RTU

 REMOTE TERMINAL UNIT (RTU)
RTU is designed to control and monitor field equipment. It accepts digital
and analog input signals from the remote field equipment. RTU system can
be configured for a wide variety of I/O mix which can be configured and
expanded as required in the field. The configuration of an RTU is stored in
non volatile memory and may be edited or expanded without hardware
changes. It receives the control commands from the RCC to perform the
following tasks :
* Status input monitoring and change of status
*Control output operation
*Analog input monitoring
*Communication with RCC
 Functional Description of Remote Terminal Unit (RTU )
Remote Terminal Unit is comprised of the following modular blocks
a) Logic Chassis
b) Interface Unit
c) Modem
d) Power Supply Unit
e) Energy Meter
f ) Surge Arrester
g) Contactors / Relays
h) Terminal Block
RTU is designed to be flexible, modular and reliable making it easy to
maintain and expand. A highly integrated micro processor based
system, coupled with firmware programming allows the RTU to
perform sophisticated control and data acquisition functions.
Implementation of the RTU capabilities is a combination of hardware
logic and firmware logic that is stored in Read Only Memory (ROM ) .
This provides a convenient means to alter and / or extend the
capabilities of the RTU without significant hardware modification.
Power Supply unit Consists of two Parts, one for main 24V dc supply
and the other is ( 5v, 12v, -12v ) for Modem and Interface card supply.
The function of this card is to monitor the presence of the input AC
voltage and change over to battery whenever the input AC voltage crosses
beyond the specified limits which is less than 155 V or greater than 290
V.
• The Logic Chassis is the main part of RTU, and is based on
microcontroller. It is used to control and process all field signals.
Each Logic Chassis supports 96 digital input , 48 digital output
signals, 8 analog input signals.
•
The Interface Unit receives and controls the
field signal devices. Energy Meter which are part of the
Interface Unit are used to convert the field analog signals
like voltage and current.

Modem is used to convert the digital information to

analog information suitable for four wire based
communication cable and vice-versa. The word MODEM
is an acronym for Modulator and Demodulator. Modem
is used to transfer data between RCC and RTU Located at
a distant place by using a normal telephone line.
Termination Section is used to interconnect the field
cables and RTU internal cables to perform the control and supervisory
operation at the field.

Surge arresters:-Surge arresters assemblies for protection of

remote control equipment against induced voltage in the
telecommunication cable shall be provided on all the 3 pairs of
conductors at RCC as well as at all the controlled stations
The surge arresters shall earth any spike or steady state voltage above
300 V or lesser as per the requirement of the RTU’s.
 LOGIC DIAGRAM FOR RTU
OFC CABLE HUT MOTHERR
BOARD
RX TX
Mod CP

DO
arrestor
Surge RS-232 com port U
sur em DI

OCM
24V DC,+Ve
Catenary card
PT 24V DC,-ve

NO/NC
BM/CB
POWER SUPPLY ARRANGEMET FOR RTU

Input AC-230 for

AT indication only
110V DC

PCC
CARD

POWER SUPPLY
+05V DC
+12VDC

Ground
-12 DC

RTU
 TELE COMMAND SIGNAL FLOW
RCC Remote controlled station

24v BM
FEP

Mode
Mode
Main RTU DO
OWS

DC &

m
m
CPU Card
Comp /CP Relay CB

TELE SIGNAL FLOW DIAGRAM

Communication cables
Remote Controlled station RCC
BM DI CPU MO
MOD FEP MAIN
or CB Card CARD DE OWS
EM /CP COMP
M

TELEMETRY FLOW DIAGRAM

Remote Controlled station RCC

Analog signal Energy CPU Mode Mode FEP/ Main

Comp OWS
from CT/PT Meter m m
CP .
 STROWGER type remote control system
Initially in Indian railway traction system, Strowger type electromagnetic
base remote control equipment was used. Some basic system of this
type is
Remote control equipment consisting of
(a) Pulse generator
(b) Send selector
(c)Receive selector
(d) Check circuit
(e) Indication Circuit.
STROWGER TYPE REMOTE CONTROL SYSTEM
HAS FOLLOWING DISADVANTAGES.
1.Historical data cannot be stored,
2. No analog facility,
3.Out dated technology,
4.Nos.of breakers in post is limited,
5.Nos. of post in a channel is limited,
6. No tripping of bridging interrupter at SP in feed extension
condition,
7. No automatic localization of fault in OHE.
Merits of SCADA type Remote control system
over Strowger type remote control system
1.Data acquisition and control
2.Processing of telemeter, measurands, telesignals, alarm generation
and report generation.
3.Support of main machine interface.
4.Maximum Demand calculation.
5.Issue/cancellation of power block.
6.Control of capacitor bank.
7.Monitoring of power factor.
8.Automatic localization of OHE faults.
9.Catenary voltage sensing.
10.Hot standby facility.
11.Feed Extension.
12.Tap changing of transformers.
Special Features of SCADA Equipment:1.Tripping of bridging
interrupters on under voltage at SP in extended feed condition.
2.Inter lock release request facility for circuit breakers/interrupters
control at boundary post.
3.Interlocking of Bridging Interrupter-Interlocks in the RC
equipment for the bridging interrupter at the sectioning post
provided for the following:
(a)When catenary supply is available on both sides of the
interrupter, the interrupter should not close.
 Maintenance of SCADA System
Maintenance of SCADA system may be classified into two as preventive
and corrective maintenance. Preventive maintenance is to reduce the
number of failures and corrective maintenance to put back the failed
system into operation.
RTU Power Supply Unit :
1.Switch off the RTU and check the Power Supply Gently for any
loose contact if so tight the same.
2.Switch On Both AC & DC Supply. Check AC to DC Changeover
during the violation of set limit for input voltage. Also Check DC to AC
Changeover and observe the AC Fail & DC low indication on RTU.
POWER SUPPLY UNIT
3.During Changeover observe any disturbance in CPU Module.

4.To Measure the Ripple Voltage in D.C

5.Measure the Output Voltage of RTU power Supply of MCB and

ensure that the deviation is within the limit as indicated in the below
. If any voltage falls beyond its limit then replace the related
Module.

Input Limit
240V AC ( 155 to 290 V)
110 V DC ( 100 to 130 V)
+24V DC (+/- 2 VDC)
+5 V DC (+ 1 V / - 0.1VDC)
+12 V DC (+/- 1 VDC)
-12 V DC (+/ - 1 VDC)
UPS SYSTEM: The UPS System is conservatively designed. It is
completely static with all advanced digital circuits. This system will
provide many years of trouble-free service with minimum
maintenance. However a regular periodic maintenance program
should be followed. Table given below provides the schedule
maintenance procedure in detail.
 MAINTEENANCE SCHEDULE

PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE AT RCC

(A) Daily maintenance:-It should be checked that all SCADA
computers with associated equipments are working satisfactorily.
Time setting of RCC should be checked and adjusted as per
master clock.
 MONTHLY MAINTENANCE
Check for satisfactory working of RCC machines.

Checking for change over from main to stand by

& vice versa.
Check that all the reports are logging properly.

Check that logging in event list and Alarm list are proper.

Delete unnecessary log files in all computers.

Update Antivirus software if required

Check that printers are working properly.

Take back up of data for every two months in a CD.

Unnecessary files, reports should be deleted after taking back

up.
Perform dB level testing at RCC

Checking of LAN cables, connectors etc.

Check for functioning of UPS by switching off the main

power supply for 15 minutes duration

Ensure smooth functioning of all RCC equipments .

 YEARLY MAINTENANCE
In addition to daily and monthly maintenance schedules cleaning
of cable tray, dust accumulated under PC tables shall be done. The
earthing of RCC equipment must be checked.
 PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE AT RTU

Cleaning of dust inside RTU

Visual checks for any abnormality.
General connection tightness.
AC-DC & DC-AC switch over of power supply unit.
dB level testing and adjustment at RTU/modem
Setting of transducer/energy meter if value of measurands is
different from panel meters as per manufacturer’s instruction
Relay contacts terminal will be cleaned if required
Ensure free movement and proper working of contactors .
All these units are plug –in type assembled in steel cabinet with dust
and moisture proof .At RCC each control post has separate equipment.
At RCC along with the RC equipment there was a mimic board,
which was used to give command to CB/BM and various indications of
different control post can be seen on the mimic board.
FAILURES OF REMOTE CONTROL EQUIPMENTS, CAUSES
AND REMEDIAL ACTION

1.RTU failed due to PSU and PCC card defective- PSU and PCC
card replaced.

2.PT failure indication due to PT fuse blown-PT fuse provided.

3.All relay indication problem- due to CPU card fault-CPU card

replaced.

4.RTU failed due to CPU hang-Reset done.

5.110 V DC fail indication due to PCC card short by reptiles-
PCC card replaced.

6.BM and CB not operated remotely-PSU card defective-PSU

card rectified.

7. BM and CB not operated remotely due to DO card

problem-DO card replaced.

8.Indication of CB and BM problem due to CPU card

problem-CPU card replaced.