By

PHYSICS – REVISION Piyush Patil

1. The S.I. unit of force is kgf.
 The S.I. unit of force is Newton.
(1 newton = 0.101971621 kilograms-force)

2. It is easier to hammer a blunt nail into a piece of wood than a sharply

pointed nail.
 Incase of blunt nail, the thrust exerted on hammering acts on a larger area
so less pressure acts on the piece of wood making it difficult to hammer the
nail.

3. Water in a lake exerts pressure only at its bottom. (True/False)

 Water in a lake exerts pressure in all directions.
4. The atmospheric pressure is nearly
 105 Pascal

1kgf/cm2 = 9.8 x104 pascal

1kgf/mm2 = 9.8 x10 __ pascal

1pascal = 1x10-5 bar

1 pascal = 1N/m2

5. The unit of thrust is

 Newton
6. State the effect of force F in each of the following diagrams (a) and (b).

 Answer
7. Find the moment of force of 20 N about an axis of rotation at a distance of 0.5 m
from the force.
 Given:

Force (f) = 20 N
Distance (d) = 0.5 m
Moment of force = f x d
= 20 x 0.5
= 10 N m

Moment of force = 10 N m.
8. Find the area of a body which experiences a pressure of 50,000 Pa by a thrust of 100 N.
 Given:

Pressure = 50,000 Pa = 50,000 N/m2

Thrust = 100 N
Area = ?

Pressure =

Area =

Area =

Area of body = 0.002 m2 or 2 x 10-3 m2

9. A Micrometer screw gauge measure diameter of a rod shows reading as shown in
image below. What is the diameter of rod.
 Given:
Main Scale shows 14.5 mm
Circular scale shows 0.47mm

Diameter Reading = 14.5 + 0.47

Diameter Reading = 14.97mm
10. What do you mean by Zero Error?
 When the equipment is faulty and does not reset to zero.

11. What do you mean by parallax Error?


12. Explain why it is easier to lift a stone under water than in air.

 When a stone is under water then its weight is less than its weight in air
because it experiences an upward buoyant force. Due to apparent loss in
weight, it is lighter in water which makes it easier to lift in water than in the air.
13. Equal volumes of two different substances have equal masses. (Yes or No)
 Equal volumes of two different substances have different masses due to
difference in density.

14. A body floats in a liquid when its weight becomes equal to the weight of the
liquid displaced by its submerged part.
 When a body is immersed in a liquid, the buoyant force experienced by the
body is equal to the weight of the liquid displaced by the immersed part of the
body.

15. A body sinks in a liquid A, but floats in a liquid B. The density of liquid A is
___ than the density of liquid B.
16.

17. Density of water is 997 ______.

Density of water is 997 kg/m3.

18. 1HP = ______w

1HP = 746 watt
19. Match the following
Column A Column B
(a) A stone at a height (i) power
(b) A moving ball (ii) joule
(c) Energy (iii) work done in 1 sec
(d) Power (iv) potential energy
(e) watt (v) kinetic energy

Column A Column B
(a) A stone at a height (iv) Potential energy
(b) A moving ball (v) Kinetic energy
(c) Energy (ii) joule
(d) Power (iii) work done in 1 sec
(e) watt (i) power
20. The expression of power P is:


Power = work done / time

work done =

21. A body floats in a liquid when its weight becomes equal to the weight of the liquid displaced by
its submerged part.
 When a body is immersed in a liquid, the buoyant force experienced by the body is equal to the
weight of the liquid displaced by the immersed part of the body.
22. A body, when acted upon by a force of 10 kgf, gets displaced by 0.5 m. Calculate
the work done by the force, when the displacement is
(i) in the direction of force,
(ii) at an angle of 60 degree with the force, and
(iii) normal to the force where g = 10Nkg-1
 Given,
Force = 10 kgf and g = 10N per kg
Force = 10 x 10 = 100 N Displacement = S = 0.5 m
As we know,
Work done = force × displacement in the direction of force

(i) When displacement is in the direction of force

W=F×S
W = 100 × 0.5
W = 50J
Therefore, work done is 50J.
(ii) When displacement is at an angle of 60° with the force
W = F × S cos θ
W = 100 × 0.5 Cos 60
W = 100 × 0.5 × 0.5
W = 25J
Therefore, work done is 25J.

(iii) When displacement is normal to the force

W = F × S cos θ
W = 100 × 0.5 Cos 90°
W = 100 × 0.5 × 0
W=0
Therefore, work done is 0.
23. A boy of mass 40kg climbs up the stairs and reaches the roof at a height 8m in 5s. Calculate:
(i) The force of gravity acting on the boy,
(ii)The work done by him against gravity,
(iii)The power spent by the boy.
Take g = 10 ms-2
Given,
m = 40 kg
h=8m
t=5s

(i) Force of gravity acting on the boy

F = mg
F = 40 × 10
F = 400N
(ii) Work done against gravity
Wd = F × S
Wd = 400×8
Wd = 3200J

(iii)
​Wd = 3200 / 5​
Wd = 640W
24. A man spends 6.4 kJ energy in displacing a body by 64 m in the direction in which he applies
force, in 2.5 s.
Calculate:
(i) the force applied and
(ii) the power spent (in H.P) by the man.

Given,
Work done = 6.4 kJ S = 64 m t = 2.5 s

(i) Wd = F x S
Force =
Force = ​
F = 100N
(ii)
​
P = 2560W
1 H.P = 746 W
​H.P

2560 W = 3.43 H.P

25. An electric heater of power 3 kW is used for 10 h. How much energy does it consume?
Express your answer in kWh & joule.
Given,
Power of the electric heater = 3kW
Time for which the electric heater is used = 10 hours
We know,
Energy consumed = power × time
(i) Energy consumed in kWh
Energy = 3 × 10
Energy = 30kWh
(ii) Energy consumed in joule.
kWh = 3.6 × 106J
30kWh = 30 × 3.6 × 106
30kWh = 1.08 × 108J
26. A pump is used to lift 500kg of water from a depth of 80m in 10s.
Calculate: (a) The work done by the pump,
(b) The power at which the pump works, and
(c) The power rating of the pump if its efficiency is 40%. (Take g = 10 m s -2).
Given,
Mass of water = 500kg
Height to which the water has to be raised = 80 m
Time = 10 s

(a) Work done by the pump = mgh

Substituting the values we get,
W = 500 × 10 × 80
W = 4 × 105 J
(b) Power of the pump = work done / time taken

Substituting the values we get,

Power​=4000W
Power=40kW

(c) Efficiency=useful power / power input

Given,
Efficiency = 40 %

Power rating of pump = 100 kW.

27. A block A, whose weight is 100N, is pulled up a slope of length 5m by means of a constant force F (=100N) as
illustrated.
(a) What is the work done by the force F in moving the block A, 5m along the slope?
(b) What is the increase in potential energy of the block A?
(c) Account for the difference in the work done by the force and the increase in
potential energy of the block.
Given
Force (F) = 100 N
Height (h) = 3m
Displacement (s) = 5m
We know,
(i) Work done = Force × displacement in the direction of the force
W = 100 × 5 = 500J
(ii) The potential energy gained by the block U = mgh
P.E. = 100 × 3 = 300J

(iii) The difference (200 J) energy is used in doing work against the frictional force between the block and the
slope and it will appear as heat energy.
28. Two bodies have masses in the ratio 5 : 1 and kinetic energies in
the ration 125 : 9. Calculate the ratio of their velocities.
Answer
We know that,
K.E.= ​× m × v2
Let the two bodies be A and B with mass and velocity of body A be
mA & vA and body B be mB & vB.
Given,
Ratio of masses:

Ratio of K.E.:
= ()2

= ()

= ()

∴ Ratio of their velocities = 5:3

 NAME THE
VECTORS
Centrifugal
Force

Centripetal
Force
Velocity
or
Inertia
.

• A pendulum is oscillating on either side of its rest position. Explain the energy changes that take
place in the oscillating pendulum. How does the mechanical energy remain constant in it? Draw
necessary diagram.
Answer
The kinetic energy decreases and the potential energy becomes maximum at B.
After a moment the the to and fro movement starts again.
So, from B to A, again the potential energy changes into kinetic energy and this process repeat again
and again.
So, when the bob in its state of to and from movement it has potential energy at the extreme position
B or C and kinetic energy at resting position A.
It has both the kinetic energy and potential energy at an intermediate position.
However, the sum of kinetic and potential energy remain same at every point of movement
• A spring is kept compressed by a small trolley of mass 0.5 kg lying on a smooth horizontal
surface as shown. When the trolley is released, it is found to move at a speed of v = 2 m/s.
What potential energy did the spring possess when compressed?

Given,
Mass = 0.5 kg
Velocity = 2 m / s
Potential Energy possessed by the spring is equal to the kinetic energy of moving trolley.
Kinetic energy of trolley = ½ × mass × velocity 2
= ½ × 0.5 × 22
=1J

∴ Potential energy = Kinetic energy = 1.0 J

• The diagram given below shows a ski jump. A skier weighing 60kgf stands at A at the top of ski jump.
He moves from A and takes off for his jump at B.

(a) Calculate the change in the gravitational potential energy of the skier between A and B.
(b) If 75% of the energy in part (a) becomes the kinetic energy at B, calculate the speed at which the
skier arrives at B.
(Take g = 10 ms-2).
Given,
Mass = 60 kg
(a) Loss in potential energy = mg (h1 – h2)
= 60 × 10 × (75 − 15)
= 60 × 10 × 60
= 3.6 × 104J
(b) When kinetic energy at B is 75% of (3.6 × 10 4)
Kinetic energy at B = 75/100 × 3.6 × 104
= 27000J
= 2.7 × 104 J

Since,
Kinetic energy = ½ mv2
Substituting the values in equation we get,
27000 = ½ × 60 × v2
27000 = 1 × 30 × v2
V2 = 27000/30
V2 = 900
V = √900
V = 30
∴ The speed at which the skier arrives at B = 30ms-1
• State Fleming's left handle rule.
Fleming's left hand rule — Stretch the forefinger, central finger and the thumb of your left
hand mutually perpendicular to each other as shown in figure. If the forefinger indicates the
direction of magnetic field and the central finger indicates the direction of current, then the
thumb will indicate the direction of motion of conductor.

• State the unit of magnetic field in terms of the force experienced by a current carrying
conductor placed in a magnetic field.
The unit of magnetic field in terms of the force experienced by a current carrying conductor
placed in a magnetic field is —
​ i.e. ​ i.e. (NA-1 m-1)
• A flat coil ABCD is freely suspended between the pole pieces of a U-shaped permanent magnet with
the plane of coil parallel to the magnetic field.
(a) What happens when a current is passed in the coil?
(b) When will the coil come to rest?
(c) When will the couple acting on the coil be (i) maximum, (ii) minimum?
(d) Name an instrument which makes use of the principle stated above.
Answer
(a) When a current is passed in the coil, the coil experiences a torque due to which it rotates.
(b) The coil will come to rest when it's plane becomes normal to the magnetic field.
(c) Maximum — The couple acting on the coil be maximum, when the plane of coil is parallel to
the magnetic field.
Minimum — The couple acting on the coil be minimum, when the plane of coil is normal to the
magnetic field.
(d) The instrument which makes use of the principle is D.C. Motor.
• The primary coil of a transformer has 800 turns and the secondary coil has 8 turns. It is connected to a
220 V a.c. supply. What will be the output voltage?
Answer
Given,
Np = 800 Ns = 8 Ep = 220 V
Es = ?
Now,

Substituting the values in the formula we get,

Hence, output voltage (Es) = 2.2 V

• The input and output voltages of a transformer are 220 V and 44 V respectively. Find
(a) the turns ratio
(b) the current in input circuit if the output current is 2 A.
Answer
(a) Given,
Ep = 220 V
ES = 44 V
Now,

Substituting the values in the formula we get,

​
Hence, turns ratio = 1 : 5
(b) Is = 2 A
Ip = ?
From relation,
Es x ​Is​= Ep x ​Ip​
Substituting the values in the formula we get,
44 × 2 = 220 × Ip

Ip​=0.4A
Hence, input current = 0.4 A
• When starter motor of a car is switched on for 0.8 s, a charge 24 C passes through the coil of the
motor. Calculate the current in the coil.
Answer
Given,
Time = 0.8 s
charge = 24 C
current = ?
​
Substituting the values we get,
​
I=30 A
Hence, the current in the coil = 30 A
• A cell of potential difference 12V is connected to a bulb. The resistance of filament of bulb when it
glows, is 24Ω. Find the current drawn from the cell.
Answer
Given,
V = 12 V
R = 24 ?
I=?
From Ohm's Law,
V = IR
Substituting the values in the formula, we get,
12 = I × 24
I=
I = 0.5 A
Hence, the current drawn from the cell = 0.5 A
• Show with the aid of a diagram how a wire is wound on a U-shaped piece of soft iron in
order to make it an electromagnet. Complete the circuit diagram and label the poles of the
electromagnet.
1st Law of motion

A body remains in the state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line unless and until an external force acts

on it.

2nd Law of motion

The force acting on an object is equal to the product of its mass and acceleration.

3rd Law of motion

For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Galileo's Law of Inertia

An object, if once set in motion, moves with uniform velocity if no force acts on it.