Chapter 8
Safety and Security
Safety & Security
Physical Security e-Safety
Security of Data Additional Security
Physical Security
Health Risk
Safety Risk
Health Risk
Back and Neck Problems/ Strain
Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI)
Eyestrain
Headaches
Ozone Irritation
Back and Neck Problems/ Strain
Caused
by
Sitting in font of a computer screen
for a long periods in the same
position
Ways of eliminating or minimizing risks
• Use fully adjustable chairs to give the correct
posture
• Use foot rest to reduce posture problem
• Use screen than can be tilted to ensure the neck is at
the correct angle
Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI)
Damage to fingers
and wrists
Caused
by
Continuous use of a keyboard or
repetitive clicking of mouse buttons
Ways of eliminating or minimizing risks
• Ensure correct posture of arms
• Make proper use of wrist rest
• Take regular break
• Make use of ergonomic keyboards
• Use of voice activation software to reduce the use
of finger and wrist
Eyestrain
Caused
by
Staring at a computer screen too
long or having incorrect lighting in
the room
Ways of eliminating or minimizing risks
• Ensure that there is no screen flicker
• Use LCD (less flicker) than CRT
• Take regular breaks (try focusing on point that is some distance away)
• Make use of anti-glare screens
• Use windows blinds to reduce sunlight reflecting from the screen
• Have eyes tested on regular basis
Headaches
Caused
by
incorrect lighting, screen reflection,
flickering screen etc.
Ways of eliminating or minimizing risks
• Make use of anti-glare screens
• Take regular breaks
• Have eyes tested on regular basis and use middle vision glasses if
necessary
Ozone Irritation
Caused
by
Laser printer in an office areas
(dry skins, respiratory problems)
Ways of eliminating or minimizing risks
• Proper ventilation should exist to remove the ozone gas as quickly as
possible
• Laser printer should be housed in a designated printer room
• Change to other types of printer if necessary
Safety Risks
Electrocution
Trailing Wire
Heavy equipment falling and causing injury
Fire risk
e-Safety
e-Safety is all about knowing how to use the internet safely and
responsibly.
includes keeping your personal information private in chat rooms,
social media, emails and when playing online games.
Using the internet to communicate
The internet provides us with lots of different ways in which we can communicate
with each other. Some of these ways include:
Instant messaging - (WhatsApp, Viber, Kik etc.)
Social networking - (Facebook, Twitter, Instagram etc.)
Bloggs - (Huffington Post, Mashable, Life Hacker etc.)
Emailing
VoIP services - (Skype, Viber etc.)
Chatting in online games.
When used responsibly, all of these communication tools can make it extremely
easy for us to keep in contact with friends and family
For example:
If you have family who live in a different country, you can easily send a message
over WhatsApp and as soon as they are online they will receive it and respond.
Before the internet, we would have had to use a standard telephone, arrange a
time for the call to be made and incur a large phone bill.
How can you use the internet safely?
Never reveal personal information - including name, home address, phone number and
photograph
Only use web sites recommended by teachers or parents
Use search engines and web sites with filters so that inappropriate content can be filtered
out
Only open emails from people you know
Only open email attachments from people you know
Only accept social media friend requests from people you know
Use the privacy controls on social media - this will minimize the number of people who can read
your posts
Never arrange to face-to-face meet people that you have met online - if you do, then take an
adult with you and meet in a public place
Make sure that your parents know what you are doing online - this includes using social
media and chat rooms
Know how to block people on social media and in chat rooms - block people who send
unwanted messages/content
Report unwanted users - contact the owners of a chat room or social media site if you receive
inappropriate attention from other users
Never post or email pictures of yourself in school uniform
Never give out the name of your school.
Security of Data
Hacking
Phishing
Pharming
Spyware & Key-logging
Viruses
Spam
Forum
Cookies
What is Hacking
To gain unauthorized access to a computer system without the user knowledge or permission.
Most of the time, hackers will try to access the computer system using the internet.
Hackers will usually try to break into the system by simply guessing the password or by using
a key logger.
Hackers try to break into computers for the following reasons:
To delete, corrupt, copy and edit files.
Sensitive data could be sold to competitors.
Identity theft- to steal user identity
To expose a company ( for example wiki leaks)
To cause disruption and stop production
What are the effects of hacking?
Strategies to prevent hacking to Protect Data
Use of firewalls- sometimes part of the operating system.
Use of strong passwords which are frequently changed
Use of protection software to detect and block possible hacking attempts.
Hire a professional hacker to test the weaknesses of your system.
Phishing
What is Phishing?
The recipient will receive an email which looks legitimate.
The email will normally request the user to update their details which could be their
password or payment details.
To update the users details they will have to click on link which will take them to a face
website
Effect of Phishing
The user will be tricked into entering their details into a fake website
The sender of the initial email will have gained personal details from the user.
These details can be used fraudulently or for identity theft.
Strategies to prevent Phishing
Use a filter on your email account so that only emails from an allowed users appear in your
inbox.
Always double check the URL and email address.
What is Pharming
Internet scamming practice in which malicious code is installed on a personal computer or
server, misdirecting users to fraudulent web sites without their knowledge or consent.
Pharming has been called “phishing without a lure”.
Effect of Pharming
The fake website will look like the real website
Users will be tricked into entering their personal details.
Like phishing this can lead to fraud or identity theft.
Strategies to prevent Pharming
Anti spyware software could eliminate pharming code from a computer
Always double check the URL to see if is the same one you typed in
Spyware and key logging software
A software which can monitor your use of the computer and monitor and log key pressed.
Spyware software will send the data back to person who planted the spyware software on
your computer.
This could include personal details like passwords and banking account information.
Spyware software could also install additional software to read cookie data and change
web browsing preferences.
Strategies to prevent Spyware
The use of anti spyware software which is regularly updated.
The use of a pointing device to select characters when entering sensitive data.
What is Computer Virus?
A computer virus is a piece of programming code/software which can install and replicate
itself onto a computer system without the user’s permission.
It’s effect can cause:
The computer to crash-become slower
Sometimes files can be deleted – leads to computer malfunction
Data files can be copied by the hacker or the files could be corrupted
Could stop production until the virus has been quarantined
Strategies to prevent computer virus
Install antivirus software and regularly update it.
Do not use software or USB from unknown sources.
Be careful about clicking on links from untrusted websites.
Be careful about downloading attachments from unknown email addresses.
What is Spam Email?
Spam junk email is sent out to recipients from a mailing list.
The email could be part of a phishing scam or could be to promote certain products. They
are basically unwanted emails.
Spam need to be prevented for many reasons:
Uses up people’s time
Generally annoys people
Use up valuable bandwidth on the internet, slowing it down
Can have viruses attached
Can be a phishing scam
Can clog up users’ inboxes
How to prevent Spam?
Use spam filters
Never reply to spam email
Use disposable email
Be wary about giving out your main email address
Never reveal your email address on your website
Try to avoid opening spam emails and clicking on links in spam messages
Moderated
Forum
• Online forums are
interactive websites
where people can take
part in discussion
• Allow users to post their
own comments
unmoderated
Moderated Forum
All user’s comment will be check by the administrator before they are posted to the forum
Moderators will not allow any inappropriate comments
Users who continually to break the rules would likely get banned
Moderators make sure that rules are followed
Un-moderated Forum
Do not have moderators or administrators
Allow people to post what ever they want
As a result:
Offensive & inappropriate contents
Spamming of adverts for rubbish products
Phishing (tricking people to get their personal data)
Cookies
Small file or code that are stores on a user’s computer
Small lookup table containing pair of key and data
Usually stored user preferences
Under normal circumstances, cookies cannot transfer viruses of malware to your computer
However, some viruses and malware may be disguised as cookies
Form anonymous user profile, doesn’t contain personal data such as password but still
carry data within websites
Passwords
Passwords are used to restrict access to data or systems.
They should be hard to break and changed frequently to retain any real level of security.
passwords are frequently used when
accessing email accounts
carrying out online banking or shopping
accessing social networking sites.
Ways of doing passwords are protected
Run anti-spyware software to make sure that your passwords are not being relayed back to anyone
Change passwords on a regular basis
Passwords should not be easy to break
Strong passwords should contain:
at least one capital letter
at least one numerical value
at least one other keyboard character (such as @, *, &. etc.)
An example of a strong password would be: Sy12@#TT90kj=0
An example of a weak password would be: GREEN
Exercise
Which of the following are weak passwords and which are strong passwords? Explain your
decision in each case.
i. 25-Apr-2005
ii. Password1
iii. ChapTer@06
iv. rX!3&tp%
v. 111111”
