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Mid Brain

The document discusses the anatomy and structure of the midbrain. It describes the development, location, relations, subdivisions, external and internal features, blood supply, and some clinical considerations of the midbrain.

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siddharth.roy26587
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31 views30 pages

Mid Brain

The document discusses the anatomy and structure of the midbrain. It describes the development, location, relations, subdivisions, external and internal features, blood supply, and some clinical considerations of the midbrain.

Uploaded by

siddharth.roy26587
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Name- tank krishna

Sub- Rachna sharir


Topic-Mid brain
Guided by- Dr.Nimesh
shangode
Mid Brain
 Devlopment. Primary brain vesicles=Mesencephalon
Secondary brain vesicles=Mesencephalon
Derivatives=Mid brain
Cavity= Cerebral aqueduct
Sagittal section of brain
Introduction

 Shortest part of brainstem.


 Connects the pons with the diencephalon.
 Connects third ventricle with the fourth ventricle.
 Length=2cm.
 Location=Upwards and forwards from the upper
part of the pons.
Ventral aspect of mid Brain
Relation

 Anteriorly. –Interoeduncular structures.


 Posteriorly.-Splenium of corpus callosum,

-great cerebral vein,


-pineal body

 Laterally. -each side to parahipocampal gyri,


-optic tracts,
 Laterally – posterior cerebral artery
- Basal vein,
- trochlear nerve.
Subdivisions

1. The Tectum is the part posterior to aqueduct.It


is made up of the right and left superior and
inferior colliculi.
2. Each half of the mid Brain anterior to the
aqueduct is called the Cerebral peduncle.
 Each cerebral peduncle subdivided into:
1. Crus cerebri, anteriorly
2. Substantia nigra, middle
3. Tegmentum,posteriorly.
Parts of midbrain
External Features

 Divides two parts by cerebral aqueduct.


1. Ventral part/ Anterior.
2. Dorsal part/ posterior.
External Features
Ventral part

A pair of cerebral peduncle.Each peduncle is


made up 3 parts.
1. Crus cerebri= anterior
2. Substantia nigra= Middle
3. Tegmentum= Posterior
1. Crus cerebri – They form the ventral part of the
midbrain.they are white rope like structure.
2. Substantia nigra – It is a lamina of grey matter
made-up deeply pigmented nerve cells.
3. Tegmentum – It is lies dorsal to the substantia
nigra and ventral to the tectum
 Red nuclei
It is a large ovoid mass of grey matter.
Lies in the anterior part of tegmentum.
Dorsal part

 The posterior portion of the mid Brain is called


the tectum (roof) and contains four rounded
elevation,the corpora quadrigemina.
 Two superior elevation known-Superior colliculi.
 Two inferior elevation known –Inferior colliculi.
 Nucleiin the midbrain are associated with cranial
nerves.
 Oculomotor nerve –Arises ventral part of midbrain
 Trochlear nerve- Arises both lateral side of
midbrain.
Internal structure

Transverse section
at the level of inferior colliculi.
 Grey matter
1. Central grey matter contains:
(a) Nucleus of trochlear nerve-in the middle part
(b) Mesencephalic Nucleus of trigeminal nerve-in
the lateral part.
2. Inferior colliculus.
Receive afferents from the lateral lemniscus, and
gives efferents to the medial geniculate body

3.Substantia nigra.
Is a lamina of grey matter made up of deeply
pigmented nerve cells.
 White matter
1. Crus cerebri contains:
(a) Corticospinal tract in the middle.
(b) Frontopontine fibers in the middle one-sixth
(c) Temporopontine, parietopontine and
occipitopontine fibers in the lateral one-sixth.
2. Tegmentum contains:
(a) The lemnisci
(b) The decussation of the superior cerebellar
peduncle
(c) The medial longitudinal bundle
(d) The tectospinal tract and the rubrospinal tract.
3. The trochlear nerve passes laterally and dorsal
round the central grey matter.
It decussates in the superior medullary velum and
emerge lateral to the frenulum veli.
Transverse section of midbrain at the
level of inferior colliculus
Transverse section of midbrain at the
level of superior colliculi
 Grey matter
1. Central grey matter contains:
(a) Nucleus of oculomotor nerve
(b) Mesencephalic Nucleus of trigeminal nerves
2. Superior colliculus receives afferents from the
retina and various other centers.it gives efferent to
the spinal cord.
3. Pretectal Nucleus
4. Red Nucleus
5. Substantia nigra
 White matter
1. Crus cerebri
2. Tegmentum
3. tectum
Transverse section of the mid Brain at
the level of superior colliculi
Blood supply

 Mostly blood supply is derived from branches of


the Basilar artery
 Also receive from following arteries
1. Posterior cerebral
2. Superior cerebellar
3. Posterior communicating
4. Anterior choroidal
Clinical anatomy

1. Weber’s syndrome- involes 3rd nerve nucleus and


cortico spinal fibers.
2. Benedict’s syndrome- most of the tegmentum of
midbrain is damaged.
3. Parinaud’s syndrome- Lesion of superior colliculi
leads to this syndrom.
Thank you

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