Chapter 1:
Kinetic molecular
model of liquids &
solids
General Chemistry 2
Competency:
• Use the kinetic molecular model to explain properties of liquids and solids
Objectives:
• Compare the properties of liquids and solids with those of gases;
• Describe the characteristics movement of the particles of gas, liquid and
solid; and
• Apply the kinetic molecular theory to describe liquids and solids.
Activity
Direction: Re-arrange the following words to form the definition of kinetic
molecular theory:
“behavior the model explain the of matter used to particle”
Activity
Direction: Re-arrange the following words to form the definition of kinetic
molecular theory:
Answer:
“The particle model used to explain the behavior of matter”
The common and simple way by which the solid, liquid and
gaseous phases of matter are distinguished is by comparison of their
shapes and volumes. We recall the concepts that:
1. Matter in the gas state has indefinite shape and volume.
2. Matter in the liquid state has indefinite shape and definite volume.
3. Matter in the solid state has definite shape and volume.
Kinetic Molecular Model Of Solids & Liquids
Kinetic Molecular Model Of Solids & Liquids
The physical properties of a substance depend upon it’s
physical state. Water vapor, liquid water and ice all have the same
chemical properties, but their physical properties are considerably
different. Solids and liquids are collectively called condensed phases
because their particles are in virtual contact.
Properties of Solids, Liquids & Gases (Using KMT)
Kinetic Molecular Model Of Solids & Liquids
The physical properties of a substance depend upon it’s
physical state. Water vapor, liquid water and ice all have the same
chemical properties, but their physical properties are considerably
different. Solids and liquids are collectively called condensed phases
because their particles are in virtual contact.
Kinetic Molecular Model Of Solids & Liquids
In 1738, Daniel Bernoulli
(Bernoulli, 1738) published a model that
contains the basic framework for the
modern Kinetic Molecular theory.
Kinetic Molecular Model Of Solids & Liquids
Kinetic Molecular Theory (also known as particle theory)
states that all matter is made up particles and these particles are
always in motion. Kinetic molecular theory is useful in describing
the properties of solids, liquids and gases at the molecular level.
Kinetic relates to movement while molecular relates to
particles. Kinetic Molecular Model of matter relates to matter as
made up of particles that are constantly moving. It has four
premises:
1. All matter consists of particles.
2. The particles are in constant random motion.
3. There are spaces between the particles.
4. There are forces of attraction and repulsion between the
particles.
Kinetic Molecular Model Of Solids & Liquids
When solids or liquids are heated up, the kinetic energy of
their particles increases causing them to move faster.
As temperature and kinetic energy rises there comes a time that the
movement of the particles overcome the forces of attraction between
each particles and they change phase. Solids can melt or sublime
and liquids can vaporize.
Activity
Direction: Every group must perform a role playing that will shows
the properties and behavior of solid and liquid. After the play a
member must explains their work and how it was related to the
topic.
Rubrics:
• Presentation - 50%
• Content - 25%
• Creativity - 25%
100%
Quiz
Direction: Identify the following characteristics are for solid or
liquid.
1. Very difficult to compress
2. Has no definite shape
3. Virtually incompressible
4. Vibrates a little
5. Weakly attracted to each other
6. Moves faster when heated
7. Has definite shape
8. Strongly attracted to each other
9. Flows and take the shape of its container
Quiz
Direction: Identify the following characteristics are for solid or
liquid.
1. Very difficult to compress
2. Has no definite shape
3. Virtually incompressible
4. Vibrates a little
5. Weakly attracted to each other
6. Moves faster when heated
7. Has definite shape
8. Strongly attracted to each other
9. Flows and take the shape of its container
Assignement
Direction: Find any material that you see in your house to complete
the table below:
Substance State of Matter Description of Picture of
Molecular Motion Molecular Motion
Thank You!!!
