RELATED

PHILIPPINE LAWS
THAT PROMOTES
NATIONALISM
AND PATRIOTISM CHAPTER V
1. Republic Act No. 10086
An act strengthening peoples’ les
nationalism through Philippine history by
changing the nomenclature of the National
Historical Institute into the National
Historical Commission of the Philippines,
strengthening its powers and functions, and
also known as Act of 2010. the Philippine
for purposes; Cultural Heritage
2. Republic Act 8044 also known as the Youth in
Nation-Building Act; an act creating the National
Youth Commission, establishing a National
Comprehensive a and Coordinated Program on
Youth Development, Appropriating funds therefore,
and for other purposes.

3. Republic Act No. 1425 an act to include in the

curricula of all public and private schools, colleges
and universities courses on the life, writings of Jose
Rizal, particidarty his works and writinits novels Noli
Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo,
4. The 1987 Constitution

5. Republic Act No. 10390 an act amending republic

act no. 7300, entitled “an act providing for the
establishment of the people’s television network,
incorporated, defining its powers and Functions,
providing for its sources of and for other purposes,
also known as an “ An act Revitalizing the People’s
Television Network, wers and as Incorporated”
6. Republic Act No. 9512-approved last December
12, 2008: am known as un act to promote
environmental awareness through environmental
education and for other purposes or the National
Environmental Awareness and Education Act of
2008
GENDER AND
DEVELOPMENT
Philippine Commission on Women defined Gender
and Development as the development perspective
and process that is participatory and empowering,
equitable, sustainable, free from violence,
respectful of human rights, supportive of self-
determination and actualization of human
potentials.

Gender and Development (GAD) approach focuses

on the socially constructed basis of differences
between men and women and emphasizes the need
to challenge existing gender roles and relations.
GAD was developed in the 1980’s as an alternative to the
Women in Development (WID) approach. Unlike WID, the
GAD approach is not concerned specifically with women,
but with the way in which a society assigns roles,
responsibilities and expectations to both women and
men. GAD applies gender analysis to uncover the ways
in which men and women work together, presenting
results in neutral terms of economics and efficiency.

The World Bank was one of the first international

organizations to recognise the need for Women in
Development, appointing a WID Adviser in 1977.
In 1984 the bank mandated that its programs
consider womens’ issues. In 1994 the bank issued a
policy paper on Gender and Development, reflecting
current thinking on the subject. This policy aims to
address policy and institutional constraints that
maintain disparities between the genders and thus
limit the effectiveness of
development programs.

Gender and Development (GAD) is concerned with

women and her specific roles, responsibilities and
expectations in the society.
It also analyzes the nature of women's
contribution within the context of work done both
inside and outside the household and reflects the
public/private dichotomy that undervalues the
work done by women in the home. (
http://www.sbma.com/ gender-and-development-
program)

GAD focuses on the principle that development is

for all. Everyone in society, female or male, has
the right to equal opportunities to achieve a full
and satisfying life.
It does not define the following:

1. Not a war of the sexes

2. Not anti-Male

3. Both women and men are victims although

women more than men.

4. Both have a stake in the struggle for gender

equality
GENDER AND
DEVELOPMENT
RELATED LAWS AND
ISSUANCES IN THE
PHILIPPINES
Philippine Plan for Gender and Development,
1995- 2025

National Plan that addresses provides and

pursues full equality and development for men
and women. Approved and adopted by former
President Fidel V. Ramos as Executive No. 273, on
September 8, 1995, it is the successor of the
Philippine Development Plan for Women, 1989-
1992 adopted by Executive No. 348 of February
17, 1989.
Republic Act No. 9710 (Magna Carta of Women)

Approved on August 14, 2009, which mandates for

non-discriminatory and pro-gender equality and
equity measures to enable women’s participation
in the formulation, implementation and evaluation
of policies and plan for national, regional and
local development.
Republic Act 7877 Anti-Sexual Harassment Act of
1995.
It is an Act Declaring Sexual Harassment Unlawful
in the Employment, Education or Training
Environment, and for other purposes" was
approved on February 14, 1995 and became
effective on March 5, 1995.

Republic Act 9262 – Anti-Violence Against Women

and Their Children Act of 2004.
It protects the family and its members particularly
women and children childre from violence and
threats to their personal safety and security.”
Republic Act 7192 Nation Building Act. Women in
Development and Nation Building Act
The Act provides guidance and measures that will
mobilize and enhance participation of women in the
development process in ways equal to that of men.

Memorandum Circular No. 48 Series of 2013

Directing all concerned government agencies to
adopt the Gender Equality Guidelines in the
development of their respective Media Policies and
Implementing Programs in order to promote gender
mainstreaming.
Republic Act 10354
The Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive
Health Act of 2012 or the RH Law. It is a law in
the Philippines, which guarantees universal
methods on contraception, education, and
maternal care. Access to fertility control, sexual

1987 Philippine Constitution (Article II Sec. 14)

The State recognizes the role of women in
nation building and shall promote the
FUNDAMENTAL EQUALITY before the law of
women and men.
 SEX AND
GENDER:
HOW DO
THEY DIFFER?
“An extremely important part of an individual’s
identity and one that begins at least at birth, is
gender.”

Dr. Kenneth Cushner, 2012.

It is more than just knowing that you are male or
female. Identification of sex is usually clearly
internalized by the age of 3 but begins around the age
of 18 months.

Gender refers to the specific set of characteristics

that identifies the social behaviour of women and men
and the relationship between them. Gender alludes not
simply to women or men but the relationship between
them and the way it is socially constructed. Since
gender biases exist and these biases prevent people
from attaining their full potentials, development is
impeded.
Gender identity / gender role includes knowledge
of a large set of rules and expectations for what
boys and girls should wear, how they should
speak and act, and their ‘place’ in the overall
structure of the society.

It can be affected by:

1. Race each of the major divisions of

humankind, having distinct physical
characteristics.
2. Ethnicity- the fact or state of belonging to a social
group that has a common national or cultural
tradition.

3. Social Class - a division of a society based on

social and economic status; upper classed on
money, middle class, working class, working poor,
and poverty level.

4. Religion - A particular system of faith and worship

5. Geographical Region- a demarcated area of the

Earth
2. Ethnicity- the fact or state of belonging to a social
group that has a common national or cultural
tradition.

3. Social Class - a division of a society based on

social and economic status; upper classed on
money, middle class, working class, working poor,
and poverty level.

4. Religion - A particular system of faith and worship

5. Geographical Region- a demarcated area of the

Earth
 COMMON
MYTHS ABOUT
GENDER
1. If a father does the household work, he is
considered as “under the saya.”
2. Men are better leaders and administrators
than women.
3. It is the woman’s fault if she is being
harassed sexually when she is wearing skimpy
clothing.
4. It is not proper for a girl to say “I love you”
first to a boy.
5. The mother should be the only one
responsible for child-rearing and parenting.
TERMS RELATED
TO GENDER
1. Socialization is the process by which social norms,
roles and expectations are learned and internalized.

2. Gender Socialization is the process by which

norms and expectations in relation to gender are
learned by women and men.

3. Gender stereotype a form of prejudgment, bias or

limitation given and expectations of to roles and
males and females. These may affect the gender
equality and inequality in the society.
4. Gender equality gives men and women the
entitlement to all aspects of human
development the

5. Gender inequality refers to unequal

treatment or perceptions gender.
 GENDER
STEREOTYPE
INVOLVES THE
DIFFERENTIATIONS
Attributed by a given culture to women and
men, in the following aspects:

1. Social Roles

2. Capacities

3. Traits And Characteristics

1. GENDER STEREOTYPE IN SOCIAL
ROLES BETWEEN MEN AND WOMEN
2. GENDER STEREOTYPE IN CAPACITIES
BETWEEN MEN AND WOMEN
3. GENDER STEREOTYPE IN TRAITS
AND CHARACTERISTICS BETWEEN
MEN AND WOMEN
AREAS OR CHANNEL
OF SOCIALIZATION
According to Dr. Ralph G. Perrino (2000), family, , and religion
school, peers, mass media, public opinion, and play a major
role in the socialization and, ultimately, the education process.
Each of us proceeds through life in a manner that we often
believe is under our immediate control and influence. It seems
logical that the actions we take and the impact of those actions
is based upon a series of logical, rational, decisions selected
and filtered by choice, not chance.

Although this seems a reasonable manner in which to assess

one’s lot in life, it is far from reality, particularly in the area of
education. One of the most dramatic impacts on a child’s
education is that of the socialization process.
A. FAMILY

In the context of human society, a family (from Latin:

familia) is a group of people related either by
consanguinity ( by recognize birth), affinity ( by
marriage or other relationship), or co-residence
(relative and servants). It is also known as the basic
unit for raising children. In most societies, the
family is the principal institution for the socialization
of children. (family.lovetoknow.com)
TWO TYPES OF FAMILY

1. Immediate family may include spouses, parents,

brothers, sisters, sons, and daughters.

2. Extended family may include grandparents, aunts,

uncles, cousins, nephews, nieces, and siblings in-
law. Sometimes these are also considered members
of the immediate family, depending on an
individual's specific relationship with them.
GENERAL CLASSIFICATIONS OF
STRUCTURES FAMILY

1. Matrifocal Family this kind of family occurs

commonly where women have the resources to rear
their children by themselves or where men are more
mobile than women; opposite of patrifocal family.
2. Patriarchal Family is a family in which the father
is considered head of household; this is true
regardless of which parent is the primary
breadwinner (in a a household with a working mom
and stay-at-home dad; also known as father centered
family or father dominated family; opposite of
matriarchal family.

3. Conjugal Family / Nuclear Family / Single Family a

traditional form of family that includes only the
husband, the wife, and unmarried children who are
not of age.
4. Avuncular Family a family composed of grandparent, a
brother, his sister, and her children a

5. Childless Family is sometimes the “forgotten family,” as it

does not meet the traditional standards set by society.
Childless families consist of a husband and wife living and
working together. Many childless families take on the
responsibility of pet ownership or have extensive contact with
their nieces and nephews as a substitute for having their own
children.

6. Extended Family family that extends beyond the nuclear

family, including grandparents, aunts, uncles, and other other
relatives, who all live nearby or in one household
7. Family Of Choice / Chosen Family is common
within the LGBT community, both bo in academic
literature and in colloquial vocabulary. It refers to
the group of people in an individual's life that
satisfies the typical role of family as a support
system.
8. Blended Family or Stepfamily describes families
with mixed parents: one or both parents remarried,
bringing children of the former family into the new
family.
9. Monogamous Family - In this case, an individual
has only one (official) partner during their lifetime or
at any one time.
10. Polygamous Family marriage age that includes
(polygamous). A family composed of a more than
two partners

a. Polygamy a man is married to more than one wife

at a time which is common in some parts of Middle
East and Africa and is often associated with Islam;

b. Polyandry when a woman is married to more than

one husband at a time; traditionally practiced in
areas of the Himalayan mountains, among Tibetans
in Nepal, in parts of China and in parts of northern
India.
c. Fraternal Polyandry where two or more brothers
are married to the same wife

d. Polyamory If a marriage includes multiple

husbands and wives; group or conjoint marriage.
PROCESSES INVOLVED IN GENDER
SOCIALIZATION IN THE FAMILY (Ruth Hartley)

1. Manipulation means that people handle girls and

boys differently as infants.

a. Mothers tend to use more physical stimulation on

male infants and more verbal stimulation on female
infants.
b. Boy babies are tossed in the air.
c. Girl babies get more delicate handling
2. Canalization-means that people direct
children’s attention to gender-appropriate
object.

a. Choice of toys, boys are given toy cars and

machines;
b. girls are given dolls and tea sets.
c. Toys teach children what their prescribed
roles in life will be
3. Verbal Appellation telling children what they
are and what is expected of them.

a. Brave boy, pretty girl

b. Boys don’t cry, girls don’t hit playmates

4. Activity exposure familiarizing children to

their gender appropriate tasks

a. Girls help their mother with housework.

b. Boys are encouraged to play outside the
house
B. CHURCH / RELIGION

It is a collection of cultural systems, belief

systems, and worldviews that relate
humanity to spirituality and moral values.
The practice of a religion may also include
rituals, sermons, commemoration or
veneration of a deity, gods or goddesses,
sacrifices, festivals, feasts, ace, initiations,
trance, funerary services, matrimonial
EFFECTS OF RELIGION

1. Regular attendance at religious services is

linked to healthy, stable family life, strong
marriages, and well-behaved children.

2. Religious worship also leads to a reduction

in the incidence of domestic abuse, crime,
substance abuse, and addiction.

3. In addition, religious practice can increase

physical and mental atal health, longevity, and
education attainment.
C. MASS MEDIA
These are diversified media technologies that are
intended to reach a large audience by mass
communication. It has an immense impact on young
minds. With the advent of the Internet, television now has
a partner in the role of visual stimulant of young minds.
The culture portrayed by the mass media emphasizes
glamour, sexual satisfaction and promiscuity, comedic
vulgarity, violence, and immediate gratification of needs.

The organizations that control these technologies, such as

television stations or publishing companies, are also
known as the mass media.
EFFECTS OF MASS MEDIA IN
SOCIALIZATION

1. Media’s sexualization of young female celebrities

2. Video games that promote violence and negative

stereotypes.

3. Music lyrics and music videos that promote

negative stereotypes and violence

4. Sex stereotypes in kid’s TV program

DIFFERENT TYPES OF MASS MEDIA

1. Broadcast Media - such as radio, recorded

music, film and television transmit their
information electronically.

2. Print Media use a physical object such as

a newspaper, book, pamphlet or comics, to
distribute their information.
3. Outdoor Media is a form of mass media that
comprises billboards, signs or placards placed inside
and outside of commercial buildings, sports stadiums,
shops and buses. Other outdoor media include flying
billboards (signs in tow of airplanes), blimps, and
skywriting
4. Public Speaking and Event Organizing can also be
considered as forms of mass media.
5. Digital Media comprises both Internet and mobile
mass communication. Internet media provides many
mass media services, such as email, websites, blogs,
and internet based radio and television.
D. SCHOOL

It is an institution for educating children,

any institution at which instruction is
given in a particular discipline, a group of
people. It is an artificial institution set up
for the purpose of socialization and
cultural transmission. The school can be
regarded as a formally constituted
community as opposed to mutual
HOW THE SCHOOL PERFORMS THE FUNCTION OF
SOCIALIZATION?

1. Through the curriculum, the school in a formal way

provides the child with:

a. Knowledge of basic intellectual skills such as

reading, writing, te verbal expression, quantitative and
other cognitive abilities,
b. Education teaches languages and allows people
communicate with each other according to positions in
society.
c. Cultural achievements of one’s society.
d. Opportunities to acquire social and vocational
abilities which are necessary in order to make one a
social, useful and economically productive member of
the society.
e. Gender roles as perceived as suitable roles by the
society.

2. Educational systems socialize students to become

members of society, to play meaningful roles in the
complex network of independent positions.
3. Education helps in shaping values and attitudes to
the needs of the contemporary society.

4. Education widens the mental horizons of pupils

and teaches them new ways of looking at themselves

and their society.

5. Education offers young people opportunities for

intellectual, emotional and social growth. Thus
education can be influential in promoting new values
and stimulating adaptation of changing conditions.
6. Informally and especially through social clubs, the
school enables the child to learn a number of other
social roles and skills which are also important for
his/her overall development as a member of society.

a. Education teaches the laws, traditions and norms

of the community, the rights that individuals will
enjoy and the responsibilities that they will
undertake.
b. Education teaches how one is to behave toward
his/her play- mates and adults.
c. Education teaches how to share things and ideas.
d. Education teaches how to compete responsibly
e. Schooling teaches how to cooperate
f. Schooling instils the community’s pattern of respect;
thus how to relate to others well and obey rules.
g. Schooling enables one to internalize the culture of
one’s society.
h. Education leads toward tolerant and humanitarian
attitudes. For example, college graduates are expected
to be more tolerant than (high school graduates in their
attitudes toward ethnic and social groups.
E. PEER GROUPS
These are both social group and primary group of
people who have similar interests (homophily),
age, background, or social status. The members
of this group are likely to influence the person's
beliefs and behaviour. Peer groups contain
hierarchies and distinct patterns of behavior
POSITIVE EFFECTS OF PEER GROUPS

1. Serve as a source of information

2. Teach gender roles
3. Serve as a practicing venue to adulthood
4. Teach unity & collective behavior in life
5. Identity formation is a developmental process where a
person acquires a sense of self.
NEGATIVE ATTRIBUTES (DISADVANTAGES)
OF PEER GROUPS INFLUENCE

1. Peer pressure often used to describe instances

where an individual feels indirectly pressured into
changing his/her behavior to match that of his/her
peers. Taking up smoking and underage drinking are
two of the best known examples.
2. Future problems
3. Risk behaviors
4. Aggression and pro social behaviour
5. Sexual promiscuity
 Thanks!

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