TOPIC:-
BLOOD
INTRODUCTION
• It is a sticky fluid, red in color, salty in taste &
slightly alkaline.
• The average volume of blood is 5-6 litres.
FUNCTION
• Supplies essential nutrients in cells such as
glucose, fatty acid & amino acids.
• Transport oxygen O2, & carbon dioxide CO2
and hormones in the body.
• Protects from pathogens & diseases.
• Regulates body temperature.
• Carry away waste products to the organs
which excrete them.
COMPONENTS
• Blood is made up of two main components:-
– Blood cells(45%)
– Plasma(55%)
BLOOD CELLS
• Three types of blood cells are:-
– Red blood cells(erythrocytes)
– White blood cells(leucocytes)
– Platelets(thrombocytes)
RED BLOOD CELLS(RBC)
• Also called erythrocytes
• They are minute Biconcave disc-shaped
bodies.
• They contain a special protein which carries
iron also & is red in color (haemoglobin).
• They are made in the red bone marrow.
• Their normal life span is about 110 to 120
days.
• They are destroyed in the spleen
• They have greater attraction for oxygen.
• The main function of the Rbc is to transport
oxygen & carbon dioxide.
WHITE BLOOD CELLS(WBC)
• They are also called leucocytes.
• They are colorless.
• They are larger than Rbcs.
• They are less in number, normally about4,500
to 11000 cells per cu.mm .
• Formed in bone marrow.
• Their life span depends on the body need so they
have life span of months or even years.( 10 to 12
days)
Cont…
• Only 2-4% of WBC circulating in blood at a
time.
• FUNCTION
– These are the cells of the immune system that are
involved in protecting the body against body
infectious disease & foreign invaders.
WBC TYPES
• Granulocytes
– These WBC have granules (small
particles) in their cytoplasm.
– Granulocytes include 1.neutrophils
– 2.eosinophils
– 3.basophils
• Agranulocytes
– These are without granules in
their cytoplasm
– These include 1.monocytes
2.lymphocytes
PLATELETS
• Platelets are also called
thrombocytes.
• Platelets are smallest cells
of the blood cells.
• They are numerous in
number(about
150,000to400,000 per
cu.mm of blood).
• Platelets have a life span of
only 7 to 10 days.
• Platelets are formed in
FUNCTION
• Stoppage of bleeding in a quick way when
blood vessels are damage this process is also
called Hemostatis
• Prevent hemorrhage(loss of large amount of
blood).
PLASMA
• Normally 55% of our blood
is made up of plasma.
• Composed of
approximately 90% water.
• Plasma is the liquid portion
of the blood.
• Plasma is primarily water
in which proteins salts
nutrients & waste are
dissolved.
• Plasma can be divided into six components:-
– Inorganic ions & mineral ion.
– The plasma proteins.
– Organic nutrients in the blood.
– Nitrogenous waste products.
– Hormones
– Gases
FUNCTION
• Plasma helps maintain blood pressure.
• Regulates body temperature.
• It contain minerals, salts, hormones & protein
that perform important function in the body.
BLOOD GROUP
• The blood group is of four basis.
Rhesus factor
• In addition to A, B, O groups
there is an additional factor
present in blood of about
85% of population.
• It is an agglutinogen called
rhesus factor.
• Those who possess this
agglutinogen are called Rh+
and those who do not are
called Rh-.
DISEASES
• Anemia
– A condition in which there is a
deficiency of red blood cells in
the blood.
• Symptoms
– Oxygen carrying capacity of
blood is reduced.
– Fatigue, cold tolerance &
paleness.
– Lack of oxygen for ATP & heat
production.
Leukemia
• The uncontrolled condition of
white blood cells (leucocytes) is
called leukemia & its called
blood cancer.
• Symptoms
– Pale skin
– Tiredness
– A high temperature(fever)
– Weight loss
Treatment
• The blood of the pateint should be changed
regularly.
• It can be cured by bone marrow transplant.
Thalassemia
• It is genetically transmitted disease.
• The patient of thalassemia has abnormal
hemoglobin.
• This disease is more common in children,
especially in children of mediterranean
parents.
Treatment
• The blood of these patients should be replaced
regularly with normal blood.
• It can be cured by bone marrow transplant and
is very expensive.
• It’s cure rate is not 100%.
Thank you
all
