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Overall System Architecture

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DINESH V
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11 views

Overall System Architecture

Uploaded by

DINESH V
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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OVERALL SYSTEM

ARCHITECTURE
Overall System Architecture

● SAE revamped LTE's system architecture, redefining the split between RAN
and core networks.
● It introduced a flat RAN architecture and the Evolved Packet Core (EPC) for
non-radio functions.
● Together, LTE RAN and EPC form the Evolved Packet System (EPS) for
mobile broadband.
● RAN handles radio-related tasks, while EPC manages authentication,
charging, and connections.
● Separating EPC functions enables flexibility across different radio-access
technologies.
Core Network:
● EPC is a significant departure from GSM/GPRS core networks, exclusively
supporting packet-switched domain access.
● Key EPC nodes include MME, responsible for control-plane functions like bearer
management and security.
● S-GW serves as a user-plane node, anchoring mobility between LTE eNodeBs
and other 3GPP technologies.
● S-GW also manages charging information and statistics collection.
● P-GW connects EPC to the internet, handling IP address allocation and QoS
enforcement.
● P-GW acts as the mobility anchor for non-3GPP radio-access technologies.
● Other nodes in EPC include PCRF for QoS and charging rules and
HSS for subscriber information.
● Nodes like MME, P-GW, and S-GW are logical and can be combined
into physical implementations.
● EPC architecture supports multimedia broadcast multicast services
(MBMS), involving additional nodes.
RADIO-ACCESS NETWORK:
● LTE RAN utilizes a flat architecture centered around the eNodeB, which
handles all radio-related functions.
● The eNodeB is not a physical implementation but a logical node,
commonly deployed in three-sector sites or with remote radio heads.
● It connects to the EPC via the S1 interface, linking to S-GW through S1-
u for user-plane and to MME through S1-c for control-plane.
● Load sharing and redundancy are achieved by connecting one eNodeB to
multiple MMEs/S-GWs.
● The X2 interface facilitates active-mode mobility between eNodeBs
and supports multi-cell radio-resource management functions like
ICIC.
● X2 also enables lossless mobility between neighboring cells through
packet forwarding.
● The Uu interface connects eNodeB to devices, with each device
typically linked to a single eNodeB at a time.
RADIO PROTOCOL ARCHITECTURE:
● The radio protocol architecture is organized in a hierarchical manner, with distinct
layers for different functions such as physical, MAC, RLC, and PDCP.
● The architecture includes separate planes for user data transmission and control
signaling. Each plane has its own set of protocols and functionalities tailored to its
specific purpose.
● Despite the separation of planes, many protocol entities are shared between the
user and control planes, allowing for efficient resource utilization and streamlined
communication.
● While the description primarily focuses on the user-plane perspective, the
principles and concepts discussed are also applicable to the control plane,
highlighting the interoperability and interdependence between the two.
PACKET-DATA CONVERGENCE PROTOCOL:
● PDCP performs several crucial functions to ensure secure and efficient
data transmission over the radio interface. These include IP header
compression, ciphering, and integrity protection.
● PDCP plays a vital role in facilitating seamless handovers between base
stations, maintaining the order of data packets, and handling
retransmissions to compensate for packet losses or errors.
● PDCP is responsible for handling both user data packets and control
messages, ensuring the integrity and confidentiality of all transmitted
data.
● By performing IP header compression and encryption, PDCP minimizes
the overhead associated with data transmission while also protecting
the transmitted data from unauthorized access or tampering.
RADIO-LINK CONTROL (RLC):
● RLC is tasked with segmenting and concatenating IP packets, correcting
errors through retransmissions, and ensuring the in-sequence delivery of
data packets to upper layers.
● RLC plays a critical role in mitigating errors and packet losses over the
radio interface, thereby enhancing the reliability and integrity of data
transmission.
● RLC implements mechanisms to detect and correct packet losses
through retransmissions, ensuring that all data packets are successfully
delivered to the receiving end.
● By ensuring in-sequence delivery and error correction, RLC contributes
to the overall reliability and robustness of data transmission over the
radio interface.
RADIO-LINK CONTROL (RLC):

● RLC is tasked with segmenting and concatenating IP packets, correcting


errors through retransmissions, and ensuring the in-sequence delivery of
data packets to upper layers.
● RLC plays a critical role in mitigating errors and packet losses over the
radio interface, thereby enhancing the reliability and integrity of data
transmission.
● RLC implements mechanisms to detect and correct packet losses
through retransmissions, ensuring that all data packets are successfully
delivered to the receiving end.
● By ensuring in-sequence delivery and error correction, RLC contributes
to the overall reliability and robustness of data transmission over the
radio interface.
MEDIUM-ACCESS CONTROL (MAC):
● MAC layer functionalities include logical channel multiplexing, hybrid-ARQ
retransmissions, and scheduling of uplink and downlink transmissions.
● MAC layer maps logical transport channels to physical channels, optimizing
resource allocation and ensuring efficient utilization of the available
bandwidth.
● MAC supports different types of logical channels, such as control channels
used for signaling and traffic channels used for user data transmission,
catering to the diverse communication needs of LTE networks.
● Through dynamic scheduling and hybrid-ARQ mechanisms, MAC layer
optimizes resource allocation, maximizing throughput and minimizing
latency for efficient data transmission.

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