LINEAR AND QUADRATIC EQUATION SYSTEMS

The First Semester of 10 Level SMA 1 SLAWI

STANDARD COMPETENCE :

3.1 Solving linear equation systems and linear-quadratic equation systems in two variable
3.2 Compose mathematics model from the problems which have relation with linear equation systems 3.3 Solving mathematics model from the problems which have relation with linear equation systems and its interpretation

This chapter is about finding the solution of linear and quadratic equation systems. When you have completed it, you should be able to
*Find the solution set of linear equation systems in two variables *Find the solution set of linear equation systems in three variables *Find the solution set of simultaneous equations, one linear-one quadratic in two variable *Find the solution set of simultaneous equations, two quadratics in two variable *Identify the problems which have relation with linear equation systems *Compose mathematics model from the problems which have relation with linear equation systems *Solve mathematics model from the problems which have relation with linear equation systems *Interpret result the solution of problems which have relation with linear equation systems

A. SYSTEM OF LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES

The general form of linear equation systems in two variables is : a1 x b1 y c1 , a1 , b1 0 , a2 x b2 y c2 a 2 , b2 0

a1 , a2 , b1 , b2 , c1 , c2

Are real number

Solution set of linear equation systems in two variables can be found by : 1. 2. 3. 4. Graphs Elimination Substitution Combination of elimination and substitution

1. Solution by Graphs To solve a system of linear equations in variable x and y by graphs, we must draw the two equations on the same coordinate system. Then find the point of their intersections. This point is called the solution of linear equation systems in two variables Examples : 1. By graph, find the solution set of 2x + y = 4 xy=-1

Solution : Step 1. Draw the two equations on the same coordinate system 2x + y = 4 xy=-1
x y 0 4 2 0 x y 0 1 -1 0

The graph :

4 2 1 -1 1 A(1,2) 2

x y = -1

2x + y = 4

Step 2. The point of intersections is A(1,2) Step 3. The solution set is {(1,2)} Conclusion : If
a1 b1 c1 , then system of linear equations in two variables a2 b2 c2 has only one solution and the graphs intersect in

one and only one point

2. By the graph, find the solution set of

x + 2y = 4 2x + 4y = 12

Solution :

Step 1 :

x + 2y = 4
x y 0 2 4 0

2x + 4y = 12
x y 0 3 6 0

The graph :

3 2

2x + 4y = 12

x + 2y = 4
4 6 X

Conclusion : If

a1 b1 c1 a2 b2 c2

, the system of linear equations in two variables has no solution. And the graphs are distinct parallel lines xy=2 2x 2y = 4

3. By the graph, find the solution set of Solution : Step 1. x y The graph : xy=2 0 -2 Y 2 0

2x 2y = 4 x y 0 -2 2 0

x-y=0
-2

2x 2y = 4

Conclusion :
If

a1 b1 c1 a2 b2 c2

, then system of linear equations in two variables has infinitely many solutions and the graphs are in the same line

2. Solution by Elimination There are two steps : a. eliminate one variable b. eliminate other variable Example : By elimination, find the solution set of Solution : 2x y = 4..(1) 2x y = 4 3x + 2y = 13

3x + 2y = 13(2)

Elimination of y : 4x 2y = 8.(3)(multiply (1) by 2) 3x + 2y =13 + (Addition of (3) and (2) so that eliminate 7x = 21 variable y) x=3 Elimination of x : 6x 3y = 12.(4)(multiply (1) by 3) 6x + 4y = 26.(5)(multiply (2) by 2)

the

- 7y = - 14
y=2

(Subtraction (4) and (5) so that eliminate the variable x)

The solution set is {(3,2)}

3. Solution by Substitution
There are two steps : a. Take one equation and express one variable with other variable

b. Substitute to other equation

Example : By substitution, find the solution set of Solution : x + y = 4..(1) 4x + 3y = 13(2) Substitute (3) to (2) 4x + 3y = 13 4x + 3(4 x) = 13 4x + 12 3x = 13 x=1 x +y=4 4x + 3y = 13

y = 4 x..(3)(express y with x)

Substitute x = 1 to (3) y=4-x

=4-1 =3

The solution set is {(1,3)}

4. Solution by combination of elimination and substitution Example : By combination of elimination and substitution, find

the solution set of : 4x + 3y = 10 2x + y = 4 Solution :

4x + 3y = 10
2x + y = 4

x1
x3

4x + 3y = 10
6x + 3y = 12 -2x = -2 x=1

Substitute x = 1 to equation which is easy, for example to 2x + y = 4 2.1 + y = 4 y=2 The solution set is {(1,2)}

B. SYSTEM OF LINEAR EQUATIONS IN THREE VARIABLES

The general form is :

a1 x b1 y c1 z d1 ; a1 , b1 , c1 , d1 R; a1 , b1 , c1 a2 x b2 y c2 z d 2 ; a2 , b2 , c2 , d 2 R; a2 , b2 , c2 a3 x b3 y c3 z d 3 ; a3 , b3 , c3 , d 3 R; a3 , b3 , c3

not triplet 0 not triplet 0 not triplet 0

Solution set of linear equation systems in three variables can be found by : a. Substitution b. Combination of elimination and substitution

1. Solution by substitution Example : Find the solution set of Solution : 2x + y + 3z = 7(1) x + 2y + z = 1.(2) 3x y + 2z = 8(3) Equation (1) is made become y = 7 2x 3z(4) Substitute equation (4) to (2) so : x + 2(7 2x 3z) + z = 1 x + 14 4x 6z + z = 1 -3x 5z = - 13 3x + 5z = 13(5) Substitute (4) to (3) so : 3x (7 2x 3z) + 2z = 8 3x 7 + 2x + 3z + 2z = 8 5x + 5z = 15 z = 3 x.(6) 2x + y + 3z = 7 x + 2y + z = 1 3x y + 2z = 8

Substitute (6) to (5) so : 3x + 5(3 x) = 13 3x + 15 5x = 13 -2x = - 2 x=2 Substitute x = 2 to (6) so z = 3 2 = 1 Substitute x = 2, z = 1 to (4) so y = 7 2.2 3.1 =743 =0

Solution set is {(2,0,1)}

2. Solution set by combination of substitution and elimination Example : Find solution set of 2x + y z = 5 x + 2y + z = 13 x 3y + 2z = -4

Solution : 2x + y z = 5(1) x + 2y + z = 13(2) x 3y + 2z = -2..(3)

Elimination z from (1) and (2) 2x + y z = 5 x + 2y + z = 13

xy = -8..(4)

Elimination z from (1) and (3) 2x + y z = 5 x2 4x + 2y 2z = 10 x 3y + 2z = -2 x1 x 3y + 2z = -2

+ 5x y = 8.(5)

Elimination y from (4) and (5) x y = -8 5x y = 8

-4x = -16 x=4

Substitute x = 4 and y = 12 to (1) 2x + y z = 5 2.4 + 12 z = 5 z = 25 The solution set is {(4,12,25)}

Substitute x = 4 to (4) 4 y = -8 y = 12

C. SIMULTANEOUS EQUATIONS, ONE LINEAR-ONE QUADRATIC, AND SIMULTANEOUS EQUATIONS TWO QUADRATICS
1. Solution set by substitution

Example :
a) Find the solution set of Solution : y = x + 3.(1) y = x2 + 1(2) Substitute (1) to (2) : x2 + 1 = x + 3 x2 x 2 = 0 (x 2)(x + 1) = 0 x = 2 or x = -1 For x = 2, then y = 5 and the intercept point is (2,5) For x = -1, then y = 2 and the intercept point is (-1,2) Solution set is {(2,5);(-1,2)} y=x+3 y = x2 + 1

b. Find the solution set of Solution : 2x2 3x + 1 = x2 + x + 6 x2 4x 5 = 0 (x + 1)(x 5) = 0 x = -1 or x = 5 For x = -1, then y = 6 For x = 5, then y = 36

y= 2x2 3x + 1 y = x2 + x + 6

Solution set is : {(-1,6);(5,36)}

2. Solution by factoring of the quadratic form Example : Find the solution set of yx=3 x2 + 2xy + y2 25 = 0

Solution : y x = 3..(1) x2 + 2xy + y2 25 = 0 (2)

Factorize the equation (2) x2 + 2xy + y2 25 = 0 (x + y + 5)(x + y 5) = 0 x + y + 5 = 0 or x + y 5 = 0

For x + y + 5 = 0 then y = -x 5 Substitute y = -x 5 to (1) : (-x 5) x = 3 - 2x = 8 x = -4 and y = -1, so the intercept point is (-4,-1)

For x + y 5 = 0 then y = 5 x Substitute y = 5 x to (1) : (5 x) x = 3 - 2x = -2 x = 1 and y = 4, so the intercept point is (1,4)

Solution set is {(-4,-1);(1,4)}

NEXT
SO THAT YOU CAPABLE TO SOLVING LINEAR QUADRATIC EQUATION SYSTEMS AND COMPOSE MATHEMATICS MODEL FROM PROBLEMS WHICH HAVE RELATION WITH LINEAR EQUATION SYSTEMS, SO TO SOLVING IT

PLEASE YOU DO THE EXERCISES IN YOUR MATHEMATICS BOOK

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

AFGRIZ PRASETIYAWATI, S.Pd Guru SMA Negeri 1 SLAWI