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M1 Part3

Uploaded by

Aman
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Internet and Web Programming

Module 1 - Web Browsers and Web Servers


Contents
 Web Browsers
 Web Servers
 Security and Vulnerability
 Web System Architecture
Web Browsers
 A software that allows users to access and view web pages.
 It is mainly used for retrieving and presenting / displaying information on web sites.
 1990 – The WorldWideWeb this was the only browser and the only way to access the web.
 1992 – Lynx was a texted-based browser that couldn’t display any graphic content.
 1993 – first browser to allow images embedded in text -“the world’s first most popular browser”.
 1994 – A noticeable improvement to Mosaic came Netscape Navigator.
 1995 – Internet Explorer made its debut as Microsoft’s first web browser by Microsoft.
 1996 – Opera started as a research project in 1994 that finally went public two years later.
 2003 – Apple’s Safari browser was released specifically for Macintosh computers
 2004 – Mozilla launched Firefox as Netscape Navigator faded out.
 2008 – Google Chrome appeared to soon take over the browser market.
 2011 – Opera Mini was released to focus on the fast-growing mobile browser market.
 2015 – Microsoft Edge was born to combat Google.
The browser's main functionality
 To present the web resource chosen, by requesting it from the server and
displaying it in the browser window.
 The resource is usually an HTML document, or PDF, image, etc.

 The location of the resource is specified by URI (Uniform Resource Identifier).

 The way the browser interprets and displays HTML files is specified in the HTML
and CSS specifications.
User Interface Elements
 Address bar for inserting a URI

 Back and forward buttons

 Bookmarking options

 Refresh and stop buttons for refreshing or stop loading

 Home button that takes you to your home page

 Status Bar, Tool Bar, Downloads Manager


Browser's main components

https://www.html5rocks.com/en/tutorials/internals/howbrowserswork/#The_rendering_engine
Browser's main components
 The user interface: this includes the address bar, back/forward button, bookmarking menu, etc.

 The browser engine: marshals actions between the UI and the rendering engine.

 The rendering engine : responsible for displaying requested content.

 Networking: for network calls such as HTTP requests

 UI backend: used for drawing basic widgets like combo boxes and windows.

 JavaScript interpreter. Used to parse and execute JavaScript code.

 Data storage. The browser may need to save all sorts of data locally, such as cookies.
Web Servers
 To dispense the web page when it is requested by web clients (browser)
 Computers on which this web server program run are usually called as
servers , for hosting web.
 In web hosting, the web servers enable the hosting providers to handle
multiple domains (or multiple websites) on a single server.

 Main uses of web server:


 To own an website, maintains the data need to be displayed on web page
 To use server side technologies such as PHP, jason
How Web servers work?
 1. Obtaining the IP Address from domain name:
 By searching in its cache.
 By requesting one or more DNS

2. Browser requests the full URL


After knowing the IP Address, the browser
now demands URL from the web server.

3. Web server responds to request:


by sending the desired pages, or error messages

4. Browser displays the web page:


Popular Web Servers
 Apache HTTP Server: most popular web server available and is widely used.

which makes it free and open source, available for Windows, Mac OS X, Unix, Linux, Solaris,

 Microsoft Internet Information Service: Microsoft IIS (Internet Information Service)

- second most popularly used web server,

- IIS server has all the features just like Apache, but it is not open source.

- It is developed, and maintained by Microsoft, it works all Windows operating system platforms.
Web Browser vs Web Server
WEB BROWSER WEB SERVER
Web Browser is an Application program that Web server is a program or the computer that
displays a World wide web document provide services to web browsers
The Web browser requests the server for the The Web server accepts, approve and respond to
web documents and services. the request made by the web browser.
The web server is a software or a system which
The web browser act as an interface between
maintain the web applications, generate
server and client and displays a web document
response and accept clients data.
The web browser sends an HTTP request and The web server gets HTTP requests and send
gets an HTTP response. HTTP responses.
Website vulnerability
 A website vulnerability is a weakness or misconfiguration in
a website or web application code
- allows an attacker to gain some level of control of the site, and hosting server.
- Most vulnerabilities are exploited through vulnerability scanners and botnets

 Cybercriminals create specialized tools that scour the internet for certain
platforms, like WordPress or Joomla,
- to steal data, distribute malicious content, or inject defacement and spam content
Website Security Vulnerabilities
1. SQL INJECTIONS
- to use application code to access or corrupt database content.
- to create, read, update, alter, or delete data stored in the back-end database.

2. CROSS SITE SCRIPTING (XSS)


- usually a client-side script such as JavaScript, into a web application's output.
- to execute scripts in the victim's browser which can hijack user sessions, deface websites or redirect the user

3. BROKEN AUTHENTICATION & SESSION MANAGEMENT


- maintaining the identity of a user.
- hijack an active session and assume the identity of a user.
Website Security Vulnerabilities
4. INSECURE DIRECT OBJECT REFERENCES
Insecure direct object reference - hackers can manipulate it to gain access to a user's personal data.

5. SECURITY MISCONFIGURATION
- lack of maintenance or a lack of attention to the web application configuration.
- hackers access to private data or features and can result in a complete system compromise.

6. CROSS-SITE REQUEST FORGERY (CSRF)


- A third-party website will send a request to a web application
- attacker can then access functionality via the victim's already authenticated browser.
Web System Architecture
Web Architecture
 The Semantic Web provides a common framework that allows data to be shared and reused across
application, enterprise, and community boundaries.
 The Semantic Web is an integrator across different content and information applications and systems.

 An ontology is a model - listing the types of object, the relationships that connect them, and
constraints on the ways that objects and relationships can be combined.
 XML (Extensible Markup Language) helps to define common syntax in semantic web.

 Resource Description Framework (RDF) - data about resource in graph form,


- language for writing ontologies.
 Web Ontology Language (OWL) offers more constructs over RDFS.
 In Simple form, OWL defines ways what to write and RDF defines how to write ontology
Summary

Explored about

 Web Browsers and Web Servers


 Security and Vulnerability
 Web System Architecture
Thank You

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