College of Information Technology,

Entertainment, and Communication

Introduction to
Platform Technologies

PT101 Platform Technologies

Lecturer :Mr. Aldwin Sumalabe
Platform Technologies
Platform Technologies
Platform Technologies
 Overview
Introduction to Platform Technologies

Computer Organization and Architecture 3. The Computer: Top-Level Structure

2. Structure and Function 4. Microprocessor and

Microcontrollers

David, F. R., David, F. R., & David, M. E. (2020). Strategic Management: A Competitive Advantage Approach, Concepts and
Cases (Subscription), 17th Edition. In Pearson.
 PT101 Platform Technologies
Computer Architecture and Organization

Computer architecture refers to those attributes of a system visible to

a programmer or, put another way, those attributes that have a direct
impact on the logical execution of a program. A term that is often used
interchangeably with computer architecture is instruction set
architecture (ISA).
The ISA defines instruction formats, instruction opcodes, registers,
instruction and data memory; the effect of executed instructions on the
registers and memory; and an algorithm for controlling instruction
execution.

Stallings, W. (2019). Computer Organization and Architecture Designing for Performance (11th ed.). Pearson Education..
 Platform Technologies

Computer Architecture and Organization

Computer organization refers to the operational units and their

interconnections that realize the architectural specifications. Examples
of architectural attributes include the instruction set, the number of bits
used to represent various data types (e.g., numbers, characters), I/O
mechanisms, and techniques for addressing memory. Organizational
attributes include those hardware details transparent to the
programmer, such as control signals; interfaces between the computer
and peripherals; and the memory technology used.

Stallings, W. (2019). Computer Organization and Architecture Designing for Performance (11th ed.). Pearson Education..
 Platform Technologies
Structure and Function

Structure: The way in which the components are interrelated.

Function: The operation of each individual component as part of the

structure.

Stallings, W. (2019). Computer Organization and Architecture Designing for Performance (11th ed.). Pearson Education..
 Platform Technologies
Structure

Central processing unit (CPU): Controls the operation of the computer and
performs its data processing functions; often simply referred to as processor.

Main memory: Stores data.

I/O: Moves data between the computer and its external environment.

System interconnection: Some mechanism that provides for communication

among CPU, main memory, and I/O. A common example of system
interconnection is by means of a system bus, consisting of a number of
conducting wires to which all the other components attached.

Stallings, W. (2019). Computer Organization and Architecture Designing for Performance (11th ed.). Pearson Education..
 Platform Technologies
Function
Data processing:
Data may take a wide variety of forms, and the range of processing requirements is broad. However, we
shall see that there are only a few fundamental methods or types of data processing.
Data storage:
Even if the computer is processing data on the fly (i.e., data come in and get processed, and the results go
out immediately), the computer must temporarily store at least those pieces of data that are being worked
on at any given moment. Thus, there is at least a short-term data storage function. Equally important, the
computer performs a long-term data storage function. Files of data are stored on the computer for
subsequent retrieval and update.
Data movement:
The computer’s operating environment consists of devices that serve as either sources or destinations of
data. When data are received from or delivered to a device that is directly connected to the computer, the
process is known as input– output (I/O), and the device is referred to as a peripheral. When data are moved
over longer distances, to or from a remote device, the process is known as data communications.
Control:
Within the computer, a control unit manages the computer’s resources and orchestrates the performance of
its functional parts in response to instructions

Stallings, W. (2019). Computer Organization and Architecture Designing for Performance (11th ed.). Pearson Education..
 Platform Technologies
The Computer: Top-Level Structure
Its major structural components are as follows:

Control unit: Controls the operation of the CPU and

hence the computer.
Arithmetic and logic unit (ALU): Performs the
computer’s data processing functions.
Registers: Provides storage internal to the CPU.
CPU interconnection: Some mechanism that
provides for communication among the control unit,
ALU, and registers.
The control unit structural components are as
follows:
Control unit Registers and Decoders: To store the binary
codes of the instructions being executed by the CPU and
decode these instructions.
Sequencing Logic: The logic circuits that sequence the
operations of the control unit .
Control Memory: Its stores the micro-codes that
Stallings, W. (2019). Computer Organization and Architecture Designing for Performance
correspond (11thcode
to each ed.). of
Pearson Education..
the instructions.
 Platform Technologies
The Computer: Top-Level Structure
Its major structural components are as follows:

Control unit: Controls the operation of the CPU and

hence the computer.
Arithmetic and logic unit (ALU): Performs the
computer’s data processing functions.
Registers: Provides storage internal to the CPU.
CPU interconnection: Some mechanism that
provides for communication among the control unit,
ALU, and registers.
The control unit structural components are as
follows:
Control unit Registers and Decoders: To store the binary
codes of the instructions being executed by the CPU and
decode these instructions.
Sequencing Logic: The logic circuits that sequence the
operations of the control unit .
Control Memory: Its stores the micro-codes that
correspond
Stallings, W. (2019). Computer Organization and Architecture Designing to each
for Performance (11thcode of the Education..
ed.). Pearson instructions.
 Platform Technologies
Simplified View of Major Elements of a Multicore Computer

Multicore computer structure

Central processing unit (CPU): That portion of a computer
that fetches and executes instructions. It consists of an ALU, a
control unit, and registers. In a system with a single processing
unit, it is often simply referred to as a processor.
Core: An individual processing unit on a processor chip. A core
may be equivalent in functionality to a CPU on a single-CPU
system. Other specialized processing units, such as one
optimized for vector and matrix operations, are also referred to
as cores.
Processor: A physical piece of silicon containing one or more
cores. The processor is the computer component that interprets
and executes instructions. If a processor contains multiple
cores, it is referred to as a multicore processor.

Stallings, W. (2019). Computer Organization and Architecture Designing for Performance (11th ed.). Pearson Education..
 Platform Technologies
Microprocessors versus Microcontrollers
Microprocessor chips included registers, an ALU, and some sort of control
unit or instruction processing logic. As transistor density increased, it became
possible to increase the complexity of the instruction set architecture, and
ultimately to add memory and more than one processor. Contemporary
microprocessor chips multiple cores and a substantial amount of cache
memory.
A microcontroller chip makes a substantially different use of the logic space
available. In general terms the elements typically found on a microcontroller
chip. As shown, a microcontroller is a single chip that contains the processor,
non-volatile memory for the program (ROM), volatile memory for input and
output (RAM), a clock, and an I/O control unit. The processor portion of the
microcontroller has a much lower silicon area than other microprocessors and
much higher energy efficiency.

Stallings, W. (2019). Computer Organization and Architecture Designing for Performance (11th ed.). Pearson Education..
 Platform Technologies
Typical Microcontroller Chip Elements

Stallings, W. (2019). Computer Organization and Architecture Designing for Performance (11th ed.). Pearson Education..
 Platform Technologies
Possible Organization of an Embedded System

The term embedded system refers to the use of electronics and

software within a product, as opposed to a general-purpose
computer, such as a laptop or desktop system.

Examples include cell phones, digital cameras, video cameras,

calculators, microwave ovens, home security systems, washing
machines, lighting systems, thermostats, printers, various
automotive systems (e.g., transmission control, cruise control,
fuel injection, anti- lock brakes, and suspension systems), tennis
rackets, toothbrushes, and numerous types of sensors and
actuators in automated systems

Stallings, W. (2019). Computer Organization and Architecture Designing for Performance (11th ed.). Pearson Education..
 Platform Technologies
Possible Organization of an Embedded System

The Internet of things (IoT) is a term that refers to the expanding interconnection of smart devices,
ranging from appliances to tiny sensors. The IoT is primarily driven by deeply embedded devices
These devices are low-bandwidth, low-repetition data-capture, and low-bandwidth data-usage
appliances that communicate with each other and provide data via user interfaces. Embedded
appliances, such as high- resolution video security cameras, video VoIP phones, and a handful of
others, require high- bandwidth streaming capabilities. Yet countless products simply require packets
of data to be intermittently delivered.

Stallings, W. (2019). Computer Organization and Architecture Designing for Performance (11th ed.). Pearson Education..
 Platform Technologies
Internet of Things

With reference to the end systems supported, the Internet has gone through roughly four generations of
deployment culminating in the IoT:
1. Information technology (IT): PCs, servers, routers, firewalls, and so on, bought as IT devices by
enterprise IT people and primarily using wired connectivity.
2. Operational technology (OT): Machines/appliances with embedded IT built by non-IT companies, such as
medical machinery, SCADA (supervisory control and data acquisition), process control, and kiosks, bought as
appliances by enterprise OT people and primarily using wired connectivity.
Smartphones, tablets, and eBook readers bought as IT devices by consumers
3. Personal technology: exclusively using wireless connectivity and often multiple forms of wireless
connectivity.
4. Sensor/actuator technology: Single-purpose devices bought by consumers, IT, and OT people exclusively
using wireless connectivity, generally of a single form, as part of larger systems. It is the fourth generation that
is usually thought of as the IoT, and it is marked by the use of billions of embedded devices.

Stallings, W. (2019). Computer Organization and Architecture Designing for Performance (11th ed.). Pearson Education..
 Platform Technologies
Activities

1. List down the hardware and software requirements (Brand, Description and Cost)

1. Processor:
2. Memory
3. Motherboard
4. Case
5. Hard disk
6. Monitor
7. Video Card
8. Sound Card
9. Power Supply
10. Operating System
11. Application
12. Others:

2. Explain the selected computer setup and the why it is preferred to your needs.
3. Create a concept application for mobile platform.

Stallings, W. (2019). Computer Organization and Architecture Designing for Performance (11th ed.). Pearson Education..
Thank you

August 19, 2022