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Calculas

The document discusses several mathematical concepts including Euler's theorem, the chain rule, and the Jacobian. Euler's theorem states that a homogeneous function satisfies certain properties. The chain rule is demonstrated for finding derivatives of composite functions. The Jacobian is defined as the determinant of partial derivatives of dependent functions with respect to independent variables, and some of its properties are described.

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30 views

Calculas

The document discusses several mathematical concepts including Euler's theorem, the chain rule, and the Jacobian. Euler's theorem states that a homogeneous function satisfies certain properties. The chain rule is demonstrated for finding derivatives of composite functions. The Jacobian is defined as the determinant of partial derivatives of dependent functions with respect to independent variables, and some of its properties are described.

Uploaded by

raamlaal108
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Partial

differentiate
GROUPS MEMBERS

KAMRAN ALAM ( BSE-23F-061)


SYED ABDUL UZAIR (BSE-23F-093)
MUHAMMAD (BSE-23F-098)
Topics

Euler's theorem
Chain rule
Jacobian
Euler’s
Theorem
Before learn Euler’s, we should have
knowledge about homogenous
function
Homogenous equation
There are three properties of homogenous equation:
• F(λx, λy) =λn f(x,y)
For example
1. F(x,y)= X2+2xy+y2
Solution

F(λx, λy)=(λX)2+2(λx)(λy)+(λy)2
=Λ2x2+2Λ2xy+ Λ2y2
=Λ2(X2+2xy+y2)
f(λx, λy)= Λ2f(x,y)
Homogenous equation
2. f(x,y)= Tan-1(x)+sin‑1(y)
solution
f(λ x, λ y)= Tan-1(λ x)+sin‑1(λ y)
f(λ x, λ y)≠ λn f(x,y)
• F(x,y)= xnf (
For example
F(x,y)= X2+2xy+y2
F(x,y)= x2{1+}
Homogenous equation
• F(x,y)=a0xn+a1xn-1y……..
Example
F(x,y)=x3-2x2y+4xy2-y3
( )
4 4
𝑥 − 𝑦
𝐼𝑓 𝑢 = log 2 2
𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑡h𝑎𝑡
𝑥 − 𝑦

› ii)
› U = log

› =
› =
› It is homogenous of degree 2
› By using Euler’s first Eq…..
›x
› ………….eq 1
› Partially differentiate eq 1 w.r.t x
›x
› Multiply ‘x’ on both sides
› …………..eq 2
› Partially differentiate Eq. 1 w.r.t ‘y’
› =0
› Multiply both sides by ‘y’
› = 0 ………eq 3
› Adding Eq 2 and Eq 3

› Hence proved
Chain rule
If u = f(
Find the value of
Given,
u=f(
u = f ( r, s )
Where, r = . 1

s=
2
From and
1 2

u r,s x,y,z
By chain rule

We have, r=
r= s=
r=
r=
Derivative w.r.t ‘x’
= =-
Derivative w.r.t ‘y’
= =0
Derivative w.r.t ‘z’
=0
- .
+0
A B
.
c
D
B )= e
=
C f
. =
D
adding ,. g

+ e f g

+0
Jacobian
Jacobian
Definition :
If u and v are functions of two independent variable x and y
Then the determinant
,
Is called the Jacobian of u and v with respect to x and y .
Jacobian
And is denoted by
J () or
Similarly Jacobian of u,v,w with respect to x,y,z.
J () =
Jacobian
• Reciprocal property
, ,
If J () and J () than J.J =1
i.e. ,
J () × J () =1
• When the variable groups are in chain form:
if u and v are function of r,s and r,s function of x and y then:
u,v r,s x,y

J ()= J () × J ()
Jacobian
• Functionally related
If u and v are functionally related to x and y then
=0
Or
If u,v,w are functionally related to x,y,z then
=0
Jacobian
If u=x+y+z
u2v=y+z
u3w=z then show that ,
J ()= u-5
Solution :

u=x+y+z Eq(1)
u2v=y+z Eq(2)
u3w=z Eq(3)
Jacobian
1 u=x+y+z
x=u-(y+z)
x=u-(U2V) from eq (2)
x=u-u2v
2 u2v=y+z
y=u2v-z
y=u2v- u3w from eq (3)
3 z=u3w
Jacobian
J() = Eq(*)
x=u-u2v
=1-2uv =-u2 =0
y=u2v- u3w
u2 u 2 =- u3
Jacobian
z=u3w
=3wu2 =u3

Put above values in eq (*)

J() =

= -0}+
Jacobian
=u5(1-2uv)+ U2{2u4v-3u5w+3u5w}
= U5-2u6v+u2{2u4v}
= U5-2u6v+2u6v
J()=U5
Taking reciprocal on both sides

J()=
J()= u-5
Thank you

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