Group # 9
Participants:
1. Muniza Rani
2. Ayesha Khalid
3. Aima Shoaib
4. Fatima Arzoo
5. Khadija mehak
Invigilator:
Ms.Faiza Nazir
Data Communications and
Computer Networks
Objectives
Basic elements of a communication system.
Techniques, channels, and devices used to transmit data between distant
locations.
Types of computer networks.
Communication protocols and their use in computer networks.
Internetworking tools and their use in building large computer network.
WHAT IS DATA COMMUNICATION?
Data Communication is the process of
transferring digital data from one place to
another or between two locations via
transmission medium.
Basic Elements Of a communication
system
Message: A piece of information that is to be transmitted from one
person to another. It could be a text file, an audio file, a video file, etc.
Sender: A device that sends data messages. It can be a computer, mobile,
telephone, laptop, video camera, or workstation, etc.
Receiver: A device that receives messages. It can be a computer,
telephone mobile, workstation, etc.
Transmission Medium: Communication channel is a medium that
connect two or more workstations. Workstations can be connected by
either wired media or wireless media.
Protocols(Set of rules ): A set of rules for formatting data so that all
connected devices can process it .e.g; File Transfer Protocol (FTP),
TCP/IP, User Datagram Protocol (UDP), Hypertext Transfer Protocol
(HTTP) etc.
Basic Elements Of a communication
system
Sender Medium
Receiver
(source) Carries the message
Creates and sends the Receives the message
message
Data Transmission Media
The most commonly used ones are:
Twisted-pair wire (UTP cable)
Coaxial cable
Microwave system
Communications satellite
Optical fibers
Unshielded Twisted-(UTP) Pair
CABLE
Coaxial Cable
Digital and Analog Data Transmission
Analog signal: Transmitted power varies over a continuous range.
Example: sound, light, and radio waves.
Digital signal: Sequence of voltage pulses represented in binary form.
Computer generated data signal is digital, whereas telephone lines carry
analog signals.
Digital and Analog Data Transmission
When digital data is to be sent over an analog facility, digital signals must
be converted to analog form
Conversion of digital signal to analog form is known as modulation
Conversion of analog signal to digital form is known as demodulation
Digital transmission of data is preferred over analog transmission of data
due to lower cost, higher transmission speeds, and lower error rate
Analog and Digital Signals
NETWORKS
Computer Networking refers to interconnected
computing devices that can exchange data and share
resources with each other.
Network Topologies
Term network topology refers to the way in which the nodes of a network
are linked together
Although number network topologies are possible, four major ones are:
Star network
Ring network
Completely connected network
Multi-access bus network
Star Network
Ring Network
MESH TOPOLOGY
Bus Network
Hybrid Network
Network Types
Networks are broadly classified into two types:
Local Area Network (LAN) and Wide Area Network (WAN)Local Area Network
(LAN) as compared to WAN:
Limited to a small geographic coverage
Has much higher data transmission rate
Experiences fewer data transmission errors
Has lower data communication cost
Typically owned by a single organization
Networks that share some of the characteristics of both LANs and WANs are referred
to as Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
DISTINGUISH BETWEEN LAN,
WAN,MAN
PARAMETERS LAN WAN MAN
OWNERSHIP OF PRIVATE PRIVATE OR PUBLIC PRIVATE OR
NETWORKS PUBLIC
GEOGRAPHICAL SMALL VERY LARGE MODERATE
AREA COVERED
DESIGN AND EASY NOT EASY NOT EASY
MAINTENANCE
COMMUNICATION COAXIAL CABLES PSTN OR COAXIAL
MEDIUM SATELLLITE LINKS CABLES ,PSTN,OP
TICAL FIBRE
BANDWIDTH LOW HIGH MODERATE
DATA RATES HIGH LOW MODERATE
(SPEED)
Network linking devices
Computer networking devices, are physical devices which are
required for communication and interaction between devices on a
computer network.
NIC
HUBS
SWITCHES
ROUTER
MODEM
CABLE AND CONNECTORS
NETWORK LINKING DEVICES
1.NIC(NETWORK INTERFACE CARD)
Circuit board installed in computer
Network/lan adaptor
2.Hub 3.SWITCHES
Serves as a central connection Wired connection to printers,
point iot devices etc.
Half duplex Full duplex
NETWORK LINKING DEVICES
4.Cable and connectors
Use for connecting different devices
5.Router 6.Modem
Connection b/w modem and Acronym for modulator and
wireless devices demodulator
Must need modem to function Act as translator
Digital signal to analogue and
vice versa…
Network linking devices
Modulation and
demodulagtion:-
NETWORKING OVER THE GLOBE: THE BIG PICTURE
QUERIES PLEASE
