FET-field effect transistor

A field-effect transistor (FET) is a type of transistor

commonly used for weak-signal amplification (for example,
for amplifying wireless signals).
The device can amplify analog or digital signals.
A field-effect transistor (FET) is a type of transistor
commonly used for weak-signal amplification (for example,
for amplifying wireless signals). The device can amplify
analog or digital signals.
 JFET
• JFET stands for junction field effect transistor.
• The JFET is a three terminal semiconductor device and the
terminals are: Source (S), Drain (D) and Gate (G).
• JFET has a channel between source and drain. The channel is the
path between the source and drain for current to flow.
• Based on the nature of the channel the JFETs are of two types as
−
• N-channel JFET
• P-channel JFET
• The junction field effect transistor (JFET) can only be operated in
the depletion mode. It is used in various application like voltage
variable resistor, digital switch, amplifier, etc.
JFET
• some applications of JFET are listed below:
• JFET is used as a switch
• JFET is used as a chopper
• JFET is used as a buffer
• JFETs are used in oscillatory circuits
• JFETs are used in cascade amplifiers
• JFET Advantages
• Some advantages of JFET are listed below:
• JFET has a high impedance
• JFETs are low power consumption devices
• JFET can be fabricated in a smaller size, and as a result, they occupy less space in circuits due
to their smaller size.
• JFET Disadvantages
• Some disadvantages of JFETs are as follows:
• It has a low gain-bandwidth product
• The performance of JFET is affected as frequency increases due to feedback by internal
capacitance.
 MOSFET
• Metal Oxide Silicon Field Effect Transistors commonly known
as MOSFETs are electronic devices used to switch or amplify
voltages in circuits. It is a voltage controlled device and is
constructed by three terminals. The terminals of MOSFET
are named as follows:
• Source
• Gate
• Drain
• Body
MOSFET Types
ENHANCEMENT MOSFET(EMOSFET)
DEPLETION MODE
Drain characteristics
Transfer characteristics
• Operating Regions of MOSFET
• A MOSFET is seen to exhibit three operating regions. Here, we will discuss those regions.
• Cut-Off Region
• The cut-off region is a region in which there will be no conduction and as a result, the
MOSFET will be OFF. In this condition, MOSFET behaves like an open switch.
• Ohmic Region
• The ohmic region is a region where the current (IDS)increases with an increase in the value
of VDS. When MOSFETs are made to operate in this region, they are used as amplifiers.
• Saturation Region
• In the saturation region, the MOSFETs have their IDS constant in spite of an increase in VDS and
occurs once VDS exceeds the value of pinch-off voltage VP. Under this condition, the device
will act like a closed switch through which a saturated value of IDS flows. As a result, this
operating region is chosen whenever MOSFETs are required to perform switching operations.
• MOSFET as a Switch
• MOSFETs are commonly used as switches. The circuit below shows the configuration of
MOSFET when it is used as a switch.
MOSFET Type VGS ≪ 0 VGS = 0 VGS ≫ 0
N-channel OFF OFF ON
Enhancement
N-channel OFF ON ON
Depletion
P-channel ON OFF OFF
Enhancement
P-channel Depletion ON ON OFF
Difference between JFET and MOSFET
Parameter JFET MOSFET
JFET stands for Junction MOSFET stands for Metal
Field Effect Transistor. Oxide Semiconductor
Full form Field Effect Transistor.

JFET is a three terminal MOSFET is also a four

device, where the terminal device, where
terminals are named – the terminals are –
Terminals Source (S), Drain (D) and Source (S), Drain (D), Gate
Gate (G). (G) and Body or Substrate
(B).
 JFET operates only in MOSFET can be operated
depletion mode. in both enhancement
Mode of operation mode and depletion
mode.

JFET has a gate terminal The gate terminal of the

which is not insulated MOSFET is insulated from
Gate terminal from the channel. thin layer of metal-oxide.

JFET has a continuous MOSFET has a continuous

channel. The channel channel only in depletion
exists permanently. type, but not in the
enhancement type. Thus,
the channel exists
Channel permanently in depletion
type, but not in
enhancement type.
 JFETs are of two type: N- MOSFETs are of four types:
channel JFET and P- P-channel enhancement
channel JFET. MOSFET, P-channel
Types depletion MOSFET, N-
channel enhancement
MOSFET and N-channel
depletion MOSFET.
The manufacturing cost of The addition of metal oxide
a JFET is less than MOSFET. increases the
Manufacturing cost manufacturing cost of
MOSFET. Thus, MOSFET is
expensive than JFET.
For JFET, gate current is For JFET, gate current is
Gate current
more. more.
 JFET has more flat MOSFET has relatively less
Characteristics curve
characteristics curve. flat characteristics curve.
The signal capacity of the MOSFET has more signal
Signal handling capacity
JFET is less. handling capacity than JFET.
JFET is mainly used in low MOSFET is extensively used
Applications
noise applications. in high noise applications.
• MOSFET applications
• Radiofrequency applications use MOSFET amplifiers extensively.
• MOSFET behaves as a passive circuit element.
• Power MOSFETs can be used to regulate DC motors.
• MOSFETs are used in the design of the chopper circuit.
• Advantages of MOSFET
• MOSFETs operate at greater efficiency at lower voltages.
• Absence of gate current results in high input impedance producing high
switching speed.
• Disadvantages of MOSFET
• MOSFETs are vulnerable to damage by electrostatic charges due to the
thin oxide layer.
• Overload voltages make MOSFETs unstable.
IGBT

N-channel
IGBT
• The Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor also
called an IGBT for short, is something of a
cross between a conventional Bipolar Junction
Transistor, (BJT) and a Field Effect Transistor,
(MOSFET) making it ideal as a semiconductor
switching device.
Structure
I-V characteristics of IGBT