STUDENT INFO:
PREPARED BY:
RUMAIZA SABIR
(BS COMM 2 ND
)
SEM
INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER
• COMPUTER IS AN
ELECTRONIC MACHINE
WHICH TAKES
INPUT ,PROCESS IT,GIVES
US OUTPUT AND STORE IT
FOR LATER USE .
PROCESSES BASICALLY USED:
DATA/INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT/INFO
Unprocessed data > the method used to convert > The processed data is called
is called input input into output is called output
process In the example :2+2=4
For example :
> In the example :2+2=4 After process it ,it gives us
2,+2 is called input
the process is involved which output (4)
is +(ADDITION
From this diagram we came to know how input is converted into output
COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER:
SOFTWARE HARDWARE
A SET OF INSTRUCTIONS GIVEN TO THE PHYSICAL PARTS OF COMPUTER THAT WE
COMPUTER TO PERFORM SPECIFIC TASK CAN SEE AND TOUCH ARE CALLED
IS CALLED SOFTWARE HARDWARE
a. SYSTEM SOFTWARE a) INPUT DEVICES
b. APPLICATION SOFTWARE b) OUTPUT DEVICES
c) STORAGE DEVICES
i. Packaged software
d) COMMUNICATION DEVICES
ii. Custom software
A. INPUT DEVICES: (DEVICES USED TO ENTER DATA INTO COMPUTER ARE
CALLED INPUT DEVICES)
FOR EXAMPLE:
KEYBOARD ,MOUSE, SCANNER etc.
B.OUTPUT DEVICES:
(DEVICES USED TO GET RESULTS FROM THE COMPUTER ARE
CALLED OUTPUT DEVICES)
FOR EXAMPLE:
MONITER ,PRINTER ,SPEAKER etc.
MONITER PRINTER HEADPHONE SPEAKER
C.STORAGE DEVICES :
(DEVICES THAT HOLD DATA AND INSTRUCTIONS PERMANENTLY
ARE CALLED STORAGE DEVICES)
FOR EXAMPLE:
HARD DISK ,MEMORY CARD,USB,CD etc
HARD DISK USB CD
COMMUNICATION DEVICES:
(DEVICES WHICH ARE USED TO COMMUNICATE
OVER A COMPUTER NETWORK ARE CALLED COMMUNICATION DEVICES)
FOR EXAMPLE:
MODEM
MODEM
MAIN PARTS OF COMPUTER:
MOUSE
MOUSE IS A POINTING DEVICE ;IT IS USED TO MOVE THE
CURSOR ON COMPUTER SCREEN AND PERFORM SOME ACTIONS ON
COMPUTER SCREEN
1. DOUBLE CLICK
2. DRAGGING
3. DROPPING
4. CLICK/SINGLE CLICK
KEYBOARD
A keyboard is one of the primary input devices that allows users to input text
into a computer or any other electronic machinery. It is a peripheral device that
is the most basic way for the user to communicate with a computer.
A STANDARD KEYBOARD CAN BE DIVIDED INTO FOLLOWING SECTIONS:
1. FUNCTIONS KEYS
2. ALPHANUMERIC KEYS
3. NUMERIC KEYS
4. CURSOR CONTROL/NAVIGATION KEYS
MOTHERBOARD
MOTHERBOARD OR SYSTEM
BOARD IS THE MAIN
CIRCIUT BOARD.ALL
COMPUTER COMPONENTS
ARE PLUGGED OR
CONNECTED WITH IT.
FOLLOWING ARE THE IMPORTANT
HARDWARE COMPONENTS ATTATCHED
TO THE COMPUTER
PROCESSOR
INPUT/OUTPUT DEVICES
MEMORY
CHIPS(RAM ,ROM)
EXPANSION CARDS
EXPANSION SLOTS
STORAGE DEVICES
PROCESSOR:
PROCESSOR WORKS LIKE A
HUMAN BRAIN.IT IS A SILICON
CHIP FIXED ON THE
MOTHERBOARD.ITS PRIMARY
PURPOSE IS TO CARRY OUT SET
OF INSTRUCTIONS AND PROCESS
THE DATA EFFICIENTLY AND
ACCURATELY. IT IS ALSO KNOWN
AS CPU(CENTRAL PROCESSING
UNIT)
MEMORY
THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF MEMORY
• RAM(RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY)
• ROM(READ ONLY MEMORY)
RAM(RANDOM ACESS MEMORY) ROM(READ ONLY MEMORY)
Think of it like a temporary workspace on This is like a storage room where the
your computer. It's where data and computer keeps important stuff it needs to
programs are stored while your computer is start up and run, like the operating system.
on and actively working. RAM is fast, but it It's called "read-only" because you can't
forgets everything when the power is change it easily. ROM keeps its data even
turned off. when the power is off.
