Health Promotion III
Session Three
Substance Abuse in Canada
Canadian Alcohol and Drug Use Monitoring
Survey
http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/hc-ps/drugs-drogues/sta
t/_2012/summary-sommaire-eng.php#
s2
Types of Substance Abuse
• Tobacco
• Alcohol
• Illicit drugs
• Prescription drugs
• Gambling
Substance Abuse in Canada
• Statistical evidence of substance abuse across
the lifespan, by age and type of abuse
– Children and youth.
– Young adults.
– Older adults.
Effects of Substance Abuse
• What are the effects of substance abuse?
– On the individual
– On families
– On communities
– On society
Harm Reduction
• Review the principles of harm reduction
• S 3 Harm Reduction: What’s in a Name?
• Four Pillars Drug Strategy
http://vancouver.ca/people-programs/four-pill
ars-drug-
strategy.aspx
• Review the “Four Pillars Drug Strategy”
– Where does harm reduction fit into this strategy?
– What are the documented benefits of this
strategy?
Video
• Bevel Up – This 45-minute feature film is
promoted by BCCNP to educate healthcare
providers about the harm reduction role of
street nurses
• https://www.nfb.ca/film/bevel_up_drugs_us
ers_and_outreach_nursing/
Discussion
• How is the role of the street nurse considered
harm reduction?
• What other roles does the street nurse have?
BCCNP – Scope of Practice for LPNs
• BCCNP – Scope of Practice
• Restricted Activities without Orders
• In respect of a drug specified in Schedule I or II
of the Drug Schedules Regulation compound,
dispense or administer the drug by any method
for the purpose of preventing disease using
immunoprophylactic agents
• Discuss the role of the LPN in administering
immunizations.
Immunization
• Review how the immune system works to
protect us from communicable disease?
Terminology
• Review the following terms related to
immunization:
– Passive immunity
– Active immunity
– Natural vs acquired immunity
– Herd immunity
– Live vaccines
– Killed vaccines
Objectives of Immunization
• The objectives of immunization programs are
to prevent, control, eliminate or eradicate
vaccine-preventable diseases
• Canadian Immunization Guide https://
www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/pu
blications/healthy-living/canadian-immunizati
on-guide-part-1-key-immunization-informatio
n.html
Canadian Immunization Guide
• Benefits of Immunization
• Impact of Vaccines on Vaccine Preventable
Diseases
• Communicating Effectively About Immunization
– Vaccine Hesitancy
– Principles of Effective Communication
– Immunization Facts
Figure 1: Haemophilus influenzae type b disease – reported
number of cases and incidence rates, Canada, 1979-2010
Figure 2: Diphtheria – reported number of
cases and incidence rates, Canada, 1924-2008
Discussion
• How has the development of vaccines reduced
the mortality rate from communicable
diseases in Canada?
Immunization
• Reasons to Immunize
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
6J92tWPYA_U
• Reasons to Vaccinate
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QgpfNScEd
3M&t=
50s
• WHO: Prevent. Protect. Immunize
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sGKrs1ED_r
w&feature=
Role of the LPN
• What is the role of the LPN in providing
immunization?
– Investigate the new Scope of Practice for LPNs at
the BCCNP website.
– What does it say about immunizations?
Role of the LPN
• What is the role of the LPN in providing
education about immunization?
– To adults
– To parents
• What information is available for teaching
about immunization?
Communicating Effectively about Immunization
• Public concern regarding vaccine safety can reduce
vaccine coverage and result in resurgence of
vaccine-preventable diseases.
• As trusted information sources, health care
providers have a vital role in the continued success
of immunization programs.
• To be most effective, providers must have skill and
expertise, not only in the principles and practices
of immunization but also in risk communication.
Principles of Risk Communication
• The goal of effective risk communication is the
development of an informed decision-making
partnership.
• The process involves both education and
advocacy, and is facilitated through advance
preparation by all participants, clear
messaging, and an open and respectful
atmosphere.
For effective risk communication, health care
providers
should attempt to do the following:
• Communicate current knowledge
• Respect differences of opinion about
immunization
• Represent the risks and benefits of vaccines
fairly and openly.
• Adopt a patient-centered approach
• Make the most of each opportunity to present
clear, evidence-based messages regarding
vaccines and immunizations
Activity
• In groups of 2 or 3, role play situations where
clients have questions about immunization.
• Critique each other as you follow the
principles outlined on the previous slide.
Conclusion
• As long as the diseases that vaccines prevent
are rarely seen by the general public today,
vaccine safety concerns will continue to have a
high profile.
• Careful and timely counseling can help people
to weigh the benefits of vaccines and the risks
of the disease that the vaccine will prevent, as
well as the small risk posed by the vaccine
itself.
